基于MaxEnt模型的高山峡谷区交通干线对大中型林栖兽类分布影响研究  

Research on the Impact of Alpine and Canyon Region Transportation Trunk Line on the Distribution of Large and Medium-sized Forest-dwelling Animals Based on MaxEnt Model

作　　者：范庭兴 段世楠 何洋 董芊芊 车玲 FAN Tingxing;DUAN Shinan;HE Yang;DONG Qianqian;CHE Ling(Sichuan Highway Planning,Survey,Design and Research Institute Ltd.,Chengdu 610017,China;Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Highway Ecological Environment,Chengdu 610017,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司,四川成都610017 [2]四川省公路生态环境工程技术研究中心,四川成都610017

出　　处：《环境影响评价》2025年第1期63-70,共8页Environmental Impact Assessment

基　　金：四川省交通运输科技项目“高原山区道路交通建设生态环保与修复技术研究”(2022-A-5)。

摘　　要：大中型林栖兽类是高山峡谷区最重要的野生动物保护对象,开展交通干线运行对其分布影响的研究,可为高山峡谷区公路建设项目生态选线提供重要的技术支撑。本文采用红外相机自动拍摄法,调查四川省典型高山峡谷区交通干线走廊带大中型林栖兽类组成和分布,通过MaxEnt模型预测其受交通干线的影响程度。结果表明:(1)在高山峡谷区,交通干线两侧0.1~1.0 km的森林生态系统中有7种大中型林栖兽类分布,部分保护物种在走廊带仍具有较大的种群数量,记录到的观测点数量位居前列;(2)在天然状态下,以森林植被为主的高山峡谷区是大中型林栖兽类的高适宜生境集中分布区,新建交通干线使其走廊带大中型林栖兽类生境适宜度平均值降低30%,高适宜生境面积减少41.61%;(3)在以森林植被为主的高山峡谷区,交通干线明线段对大中型林栖兽类生境影响范围主要在道路中心线两侧300 m内。Large and medium-sized forest-dwelling animals are the most important wildlife protection objects in mountain and canyon areas.Conducting research on the impact of transportation trunk lines on their distribution can provide important technical support for ecological route selection in highway construction projects in high mountain and canyon areas.Based on the typical high mountain and canyon transportation trunk lines in Sichuan Province,an infrared camera automatic photography method was used to investigate the composition and distribution of large and medium-sized forest-dwelling animals in the area.The MaxEnt model was used to predict the degree of influence of the transportation arteries on them.The research results indicate that∶(1) In the alpine and canyon region,there are 7 types of large and medium-sized forest-dwelling animals distributed in the forest ecosystem between 0.1 km and 1.0 km on both sides of the transportation trunk line,and some protected species still have a large population in the corridor,the number of recorded observation points ranks among the top;(2) Under natural conditions,alpine and canyon region dominated by forest vegetation are highly suitable habitats for large and medium-sized forest-dwelling animals,and the construction of new transportation trunk lines has reduced the average suitability of large and medium sized forest animals in its corridor by 30%,and reduced the area of highly suitable habitats by 41.61%;(3) In alpine and canyon region dominated by forest vegetation,the impact of transportation arteries open-wire line road section on the habitats of large and medium-sized forest-dwelling animals is mainly within 300 m on both sides of the road centerline.

关 键 词：高山峡谷区 交通干线走廊带 生物多样性 大中型林栖兽类 生境适宜度 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]