塔河上游不同土地利用类型与微地貌对土壤盐分空间分布的影响  

Effects of Different Land Use Types and Microgeomorphology on The Spatial Distribution of Soil Salinity in The Upper Reaches of Tarim River

作　　者：胡宏利 后有义 赫银峰 杜古尔·卫卫 Hu Hongli;Hou Youyi;He Yinfeng;Du guer·Weiwei(Urumqi Comprehensive Survey Center of Natural Resources,China Geological Survey,Urumqi,Xinjiang,830026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830026

出　　处：《新疆地质》2024年第4期613-619,共7页Xinjiang Geology

基　　金：中国地质调查局环塔里木盆地绿洲区土壤盐渍化现状调查评价项目(DD20220872)资助。

摘　　要：研究掌握不同土地利用类型和微地貌特征的土壤盐分空间分布,对防治土壤盐渍化具重要意义。以塔里木河上游灌区为例,通过单因素方差分析方法分析2层土壤全盐量与盐基离子的差异,对4种不同土地利用类型的土壤全盐量与盐基离子的相关性与主成分分析进行研究,通过地理探测器分析土地利用类型与微地貌对土壤盐分的交互影响。结果表明:不同土地利用类型条件下土壤全盐量均呈现较强的变异性,上层土壤中全盐量整体表现为:其他土地>林地>耕地>园地,下层土壤中全盐量整体表现为其他土地>耕地>林地>园地。不同土地利用类型土壤中,各盐分离子Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、K^(+)+Na^(+)之间的相关性较好,但与HCO_(3)^(-)离子的相关性较差。耕地、林地和其他土地离子相关性最高的是Cl^(-)和K^(+)+Na^(+),次为SO_(4)^(2-)和Ca^(2+)。该区域不同土地利用类型下土壤盐分离子进行主成分分析结果显示,Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、K^(+)+Na^(+)离子均属第一主成分,主要表征土壤盐渍化信息,HCO_(3)^(-)可作为第二主成分与第三主成分,主要表征土壤碱性信息。土地利用类型与微地貌特征交互作用能够较好地解释该地区土壤盐分空间分布,并反映土壤盐分和盐分离子的变化,q值为0.4146~0.6018,次为海拔与坡向,q值为0.270~0.454,能够较好地解释该地区土壤盐分的空间分布。Studying the spatial distribution of soil salt in various land use types and microgeomorphic characteristics holds significant importance for soil salinization control.Taking the irrigated area in the upper reaches of the Tarim River as an instance,the variance of total salt content and base ions of soil in two layers was analyzed through the one-way ANOVA method,and the correlation and principal component analysis of total salt content and base ions of soil under four distinct land use types were investigated.The findings demonstrated that soil total salt content exhibited strong variability across different land use types.The overall total salt content in the upper soil was:Other land>Forest land>Cultivated land>Garden land,and the overall total salt content in the lower soil was:Other land>Cultivated land>Forest land>Garden land.In the soil of different land use types,the correlation between Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),and K^(+)+Na^(+)was favorable,yet the correlation between the salt ions and HCO_(3)^(-)was weak.The highest ionic correlations were Cl^(-)and K^(+)+Na^(+)in Cultivated land,Forest land,and Other land,followed by SO_(4)^(2-)and Ca^(2+).The principal component analysis of soil salt ions under different land use types in this region indicated that Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),and K^(+)+Na^(+)were the first principal components,which mainly represented soil salinization information,while HCO_(3)^(-)was the second and third principal components,which mainly represented soil alkaline information.The interaction between land use type and microgeomorphic features could effectively explain the spatial distribution of soil salt and reflect the alterations of soil salt and salt ions in this area,with q values ranging from 0.4146 to 0.6018,followed by elevation and slope direction,with q values ranging from 0.270 to 0.454,which could well explain the spatial distribution of soil salt in this region.

关 键 词：土地利用类型 微地貌 土壤全盐量 主成分 交互作用 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] S155.55[农业科学—农业基础科学]