面向盐湖提锂的聚酰胺纳滤膜设计策略  

Design Strategy of Polyamide Nanofiltration Membrane for Lithium Extraction from Salt Lake Brines

作　　者：鲁丹[1,2] 向昕辰 耿艺方 王曼曼[1] 姚之侃[1,2] 高卓凡 方传杰 朱利平[4] 张林[1,2] LU Dan;XIANG Xinchen;GENG Yifang;WANG Manman;YAO Zhikan;GAO Zhuofan;FANG Chuanjie;ZHU Liping;ZHANG Lin(Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment of MOE Coege of Chemica and Biological Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,310027,China;Future Environment Laboratory,Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta,Zhejiang University,Jiaxing,314100,China;Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan,430010,China;Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,310027,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学院,膜与水处理教育部工程中心,浙江杭州310027 [2]浙江大学长三角智慧绿洲创新中心未来环境实验室,浙江嘉兴314100 [3]长江水利委员会长江科学院,湖北武汉430010 [4]浙江大学高分子科学与工程学系,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《盐湖研究》2025年第1期100-112,共13页Journal of Salt Lake Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U21A20302,21908192,22138010);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LZ20B060001);中国博士后科学基金项目(2023M742997);长江水利委员会长江科学院开放研究基金项目(CKWV20231180/KY);武汉市科技局武汉市知识创新专项CKSD2022360/CL。

摘　　要：实现盐湖中锂资源的高效开发是满足锂工业市场对碳酸锂需求日益增长的重要保障。面对盐湖提锂中镁锂分离难、效率低的技术挑战,亟须开发高选择性镁锂分离技术。纳滤技术具备离子选择性分离能力与低能耗优势,在盐湖提锂中展现出巨大的应用潜力,但其用于镁锂分离仍面临许多挑战。文章综述了近年来国内外纳滤膜用于镁锂分离的发展概况和高性能纳滤膜研究进展。首先介绍了纳滤膜离子分离机理及以纳滤为核心的盐湖提锂工艺。其次,基于界面聚合过程“反应—扩散原理”,重点探讨了面向盐湖提锂的窄孔径分布聚酰胺纳滤膜的设计策略。最后,总结了提高聚酰胺纳滤膜抗结垢性能的方法。文章为面向盐湖提锂高性能锂离子选择性纳滤膜的设计与应用提供了参考。Achieving efficient development of lithium resources from salt lake brines is an important guarantee to meet the growing demand for Li2CO_(3) in the lithium industry market.Facing the technical challenge of difficult magnesium-lithium separation in salt lake lithium extraction,there is an urgent need to develop highly selective Li+/Mg2+separation technology to realize the efficient development of lithium resources.Nanofiltration(NF)technology has the advantages of ion selective separation and low energy consumption,which shows great application potential in lithium extraction from salt lakes,but its application in Li+/Mg2+separation still suffers from many challenges.In this paper,the recent development of NF membranes for Li+/Mg2+separation and the research progress of high performance NF membranes are reviewed.Firstly,the ion separation mechanism of NF membrane and the process of extracting lithium from salt lake brines with NF were introduced.Secondly,based on the principle of reaction-diffusion of interfacial polymerization process,the design strategy of narrowing pore size distribution of polyamide NF membrane for lithium extraction from salt lake brines was discussed.Finally,the methods to improve the anti-scaling performance of polyamide NF membrane are summarized.This paper provides a reference for the design and application of high-performance lithium ion-selective NF membranes for lithium extraction from salt lakes.

关 键 词：盐湖提锂 纳滤 聚酰胺膜 分离机理 孔径窄分布 

分 类 号：TQ051.893[化学工程] TS396.5[轻工技术与工程]