疾病、技术和爱欲的“幽暗弥撒”——论《魔山》的瓦普几司之夜书写及其思想史意义  

The“Dark Mass”of Disease,Technology,and Desire--An Analysis of the Walpurgis Night Narrative in The Magic Mountain and Its Intellectual Historical Significance

作　　者：涂险峰[1] TU Xianfeng(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国文学研究》2025年第1期12-20,共9页Research of Chinese Literature

摘　　要：托马斯·曼长篇小说《魔山》对于瓦普几司之夜叙事的改写,既是在德意志文学传统之内与歌德的隔空对话,也体现出时代精神的重要变迁。在《魔山》中,曼通过大量指涉《浮士德》中的瓦普几司之夜场景,在现代疗养院的疾病诊疗空间与荒野群魔狂欢的超自然空间之间,建构起富有思想张力的对应关系。《魔山》的这种互文叙事,给疾病赋予了“魔性”,用技术取代了魔法,伴随着释放爱欲的越界的自由,让疾病疗养院的狂欢活动乃至整个“魔山”世界象征性地变成了一场由疾病、技术和爱欲组成的“幽暗弥撒”。《魔山》的瓦普几司之夜书写,不仅在整部小说中发挥重要功能,而且具有不同寻常的思想史意义。它体现了“泛魔论”哲学传统和尼采关于“无知意志”的思想,并且以反讽诗学造成的思想视差,来实现价值重估的目的。Thomas Mann’s novel The Magic Mountain revises the Walpurgis Night narrative,engaging in an intertextual dia-logue with Goethe within the German literary tradition while reflecting significant shifts in the Zeitgeist.In The Magic Mountain,Mann constructs a meaningful correlation between the space of disease in a modern sanatorium and the supernatural space of the Wal-purgis Night revelry from Faust through numerous references.This intertextual narrative in The Magic Mountain endows disease with a“demonic”quality,substituting magic with technology,and symbolically transforms the sanatorium’s carnivalesque activities and even the entire“magic mountain”world into a“dark mass”comprised of disease,technology,and unleashed desires.The portrayal of Walpurgis Night in The Magic Mountain not only plays a critical role throughout the novel,but also holds unusual significance in in-tellectual history.It reflects the philosophical tradition of“Pan-demonism”and Nietzsche’s concept of the“will to ignorance”,utiliz-ing the intellectual parallax created by ironic poetics to achieve a reevaluation of values.

关 键 词：魔山 瓦普几司之夜 疾病 技术 思想史 

分 类 号：I01[文学—文学理论]