王廷相气本哲学的逻辑展开及其价值愿景  

The Logical Development and Value Vision of Wang Tingxiang's Qi based Philosophy

作　　者：杨超[1,2] 耿知音 Yang Chao;Geng Zhiyin

机构地区：[1]郑州大学哲学学院 [2]郑州大学洛学研究中心

出　　处：《理论界》2025年第1期55-61,共7页Theory Horizon

基　　金：国家重大学术文化工程《(新编)中国通史》、国家社科基金《清代礼学与理学的互通性研究》(22CZX032);河南省人文社会科学研究项目“清代礼学与理学的互通性研究”(2023-ZZJH-378);郑州大学教改项目“借鉴嵩阳书院教育理念的本科人才培养模式创新与实践”(2024ZZUJGXM146)的研究成果。

摘　　要：王廷相并非气一元论者,其气本哲学虽然围绕“理载于气”“气外无性”“动亦天性”展开,但从价值愿景层面而言,有着合理气为一的追求与尝试。在本体论上,王廷相凸显“理载于气”之说,将矛头指向“理可离气而论”,正是为了达到“气理兼备”之目的,以气摄理,进而理气不离。在生化论上,王廷相虽然强调“气外无性”,且对“离气言性”之论进行批驳,但并未否定理随气共同参与人性之生成,其主张人之性“理气浑全”,并试图以性为“生之理”之论化解宋儒人性论之困局。在工夫论上,对动的强调,并不意味着对静的舍弃,王廷相彰明“动亦天性”之言,批判“以内外为二”之论,正是为了在工夫论层面“合动静而一之”。因此,我们不能忽视王廷相在合理气、动静合一方面的努力,简单地将他划入气一元主义阵营,有失公允。同时,我们也不应抹杀王廷相气本哲学的历史贡献。在王廷相的影响下,黄宗羲、王夫之等明清时期的儒家学者,批判性地继承并发展了他的本体论、生化论和工夫论,有效地在事实与价值两个维度上平衡了理气、动静的关系。Summary of the Logical Development and Value Vision of Wang Tingxiang's Qi based Philosophy:Wang Tingxiang is not a monist of Qi.From the perspective of valuc vision,he has the pursuit and attempt of a reasonable unity of Qi.In terms of ontology,Wang Tingxiang emphasized the theory that"reason is contained in qi"and pointed his finger at the idea that"reason can be separated from qi",precisely to achieve the goal of"combining qi and reason",using qi to govern reason,and thus maintaining the unity of qi and reason.In the field of biochemistry,while Wang Tingxiang stressed the concept of"no sex outside of qi"and refuted the theory of"separating from qi and expressing nature",he did not deny the fact that qi participates in the generation of human nature.He advocated that 1all latue is"full uf 1easu ud qi"allul swuglu.tu lesulve the dileuwa.of Song Confucianism's theory of human nature by considering nature as the"reason for life".In the theory of Gongfu,emphasizing movement does imply abandoning sillness.Wang Tingxiang's statement that"movement is also innate".and his criticism of the theory of"intemal and external as two"are aimed a"integrating movement and stillness into one"at the level of Gongfu theory.Therefore,we cannot ignore Wang Tingxiang's efforts in the integration of rational qi and stillness.Simply categorizing him into the qi monism camp is unfair.At the same time,we should not deny the historical contribution of Wang Tingxiang's Qi based ideology.Under the influence of Wang Tingxiang,Confucian scholars from the Ming and Qing dynasties such Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi critically inherited and developed his ontology,biochemistry theory,and gongfu theory,ffectively balaneing the relationship between reason,qi,and movement in both the dimensions of facts and values.

关 键 词：王廷相 气本哲学 逻辑展开 价值愿景 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]