人工智能对就业的影响——基于马克思主义政治经济学的视角  

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment:A Perspective Based on Marxist Political Economy

作　　者：刘仁宝[1] 刘冠军 LIU Renbao;LIU Guanjun(School of Public Administration,Shandong Technology and Business University,Yantai,Shahdong,China;Institute of 21st Century Marxism,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]山东工商学院公共管理学院 [2]首都经济贸易大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《政治经济学季刊》2024年第3期163-178,共16页Political Economy Quarterly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“问题哲学理论前沿与理论创新研究”(18ZDA027);北京市宣传文化高层次人才培养资助暨名家工作室项目“科技—经济—社会”研究(刘冠军工作室);山东省人文社会科学课题“山东省扩大中等收入群体规模促进共同富裕的政策创新研究”(2022⁃YYFX⁃15);山东工商学院科研启动基金项目“数字经济对山东省经济高质量发展的影响研究”(BS202406)的资助。

摘　　要：人工智能本质上是一种技术层面人类智能的对象化存在,就业问题是资本主义工业化时代以来特有的社会问题,具有鲜明的历史阶段性特征,其直接原因在于技术进步,而其根本原因则在于资本增殖逻辑下的社会生产方式。资本与技术按照资本增殖逻辑建构了“资本—技术”生产格局,人工智能接过传统技术的“接力棒”,在该格局下继续助力资本增殖和压缩就业规模,并凸显就业结构的“U”型极化特征。就业在目前仍然是劳动者最主要的谋生手段,研究和应对人工智能的就业影响,既要看到人工智能在数量层面对就业的“技术性”影响,也要看到产生这种影响背后深层次的原因和机理,进而从认知、体制机制、制度、政治等层面系统谋划。In essence,AI is an objectification existence of human intelligence at the technical level,and employment is a unique social problem since the era of capitalist industrialization.The former is the direct cause of the latter,but the fundamental reason is the capitalization application of artificial intelligence.Capital and technology construct the capital⁃technical production pattern according to the logic of capital appreciation.Artificial intelligence takes over the“baton”of traditional technology,and in this pattern,it continues to benefits capital appreciation and reduce the scale of employment,highlighting the“U”polarization characteristics of employment structure.At present,employment is still the major means for workers to make a living,so that,to study and deal with the impact,we need to not only see the“technological”impact of artificial intelligence on employment at the quantitative level,but also the underlying reasons and mechanisms behind this impact,and then plan systematically from the cognitive,system and mechanism,institution,and political levels.

关 键 词：人工智能 就业 政治经济学 “资本—技术”生产格局 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学]