2019—2023年无锡市惠山区学校教室环境卫生监测结果分析  

Classroom environmental hygiene monitoring results in Huishan District,Wuxi City,from 2019 to 2023

作　　者：方伟[1] 代传焕[1] Fang Wei;Dai Chuanhuan(Wuxi Huishan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuxi 214174,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]无锡市惠山区疾病预防控制中心,江苏无锡214174

出　　处：《中国校医》2024年第11期861-863,876,共4页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的 了解无锡市惠山区学校教室环境卫生状况变化趋势,为改善教学环境提供可靠依据。方法 2019—2023年采用随机抽样方法,每年从全区各类学校中抽取30%以上学校,每校抽取6间教室,共抽取455间教室进行监测。按照《学校卫生综合评价》(GB/T 18205—2012)对教室人均面积和采光系数等14项指标进行监测。结果 监测指标中合格率排前3位的为二氧化碳浓度(99.78%)、最低灯桌间距(99.78%)、噪声(99.56%),排后3位的为后(侧)墙反射比(48.57%)、黑板反射比(26.81%)、课桌椅分配符合率(11.2%)。教室人均面积、采光系数、课桌面平均照度、黑板面平均照度4项指标合格率呈逐年上升趋势(P均<0.01);后(侧)墙反射比、黑板反射比合格率呈逐年下降趋势(P均<0.01);课桌椅分配符合率则整体偏低。不同学段中,教室人均面积、窗地面积比、黑板尺寸合格率最高的分别为十二年一贯制学校、高中/职高/完中、高中/职高/完中及初中。结论 无锡市惠山区学校教室环境卫生整体情况较好,但低于全市平均水平。地方政府、教育部门及卫生健康部门需针对薄弱环节进行整改完善。Objective This study was aimed at understanding the changing trends in classroom environmental sanitation in Huishan District,Wuxi City,to provide a reliable basis to improve the teaching environment.Methods Based on a random sampling method,more than 30%of all schools of various types in the entire district were selected,among which six classrooms per school were monitored from 2019 to 2023.The monitoring indicators comprised 14 items including per capita classroom area and lighting coefficient.The testing methods were conducted in accordance with the Comprehensive Evaluation of School Health(GB/T 18205-2012)for monitoring 14 indicators including per capita classroom area and lighting coefficient et al.Results The top three classroom hygiene indicators,in terms of qualification rates,were carbon dioxide concentration(99.78%),minimum distance between lamps and desks(99.78%),and noise(99.56%);in contrast,the bottom three indicators were the reflection ratio of the back(side)wall(48.57%),the reflection ratio of the blackboard(26.81%),and the conformity rate of desk and chair allocation(11.2%).The pass rates of four indicators-classroom per capita area,lighting coefficient,average illuminance on class desks,and average illuminance on blackboard surfaces-showed increasing trends each year(all P<0.01).The pass rates of the reflectance ratio of the back(side)wall and blackboard decreased each year(both P<0.01).The overall compliance rate of desk and chair allocation was relatively low.Among classes,the schools with the highest average classroom area,window to floor area ratio,and blackboard size qualification rate were 12-year integrated system schools;high school/vocational school/secondary school;high school/vocational school/secondary school;and junior high school,respectively.Conclusions The overall status of classroom hygiene in schools in Huishan District,Wuxi City was good,yet lower than the city average.Local governments,education departments,and health departments must rectify and improve weaknesses.

关 键 词：学校卫生 教室 教学环境 监测分析 

分 类 号：G637[文化科学—教育学] G478.1