中国9个长寿地区65岁及以上老年人膳食模式与血脂水平的关联研究  

Association of dietary patterns with blood lipid level among the older adults over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China

作　　者：许梓楠 李阳 王君[2] 徐岚静[2] 陈晨 张曾航[2] 李奕琦 夏源 卢子涵 刘思馨 郭晓杰 李志浩 施小明 毛琛 吕跃斌[1,2] Xu Zinan;Li Yang;Wang Jun;Xu Lanjing;Chen Chen;Zhang Zenghang;Li Yiqi;Xia Yuan;Lu Zihan;Liu Sixin;Guo Xiaojie;Li Zhihao;Shi Xiaoming;Mao Chen;Lyu Yuebin(Department of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China;National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health,Beijing 100021,China;Center for Global Health,School of Public Health,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China)

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学公共卫生学院流行病学系,广州510515 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所、环境与人群健康重点实验室,北京100021 [3]南京医科大学公共卫生学院全球健康中心,南京211166

出　　处：《中华医学杂志》2024年第46期4212-4220,共9页National Medical Journal of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82025030、82222063、82230111);国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3603401)。

摘　　要：目的探讨中国≥65岁老年人植物性与动物性膳食模式依从程度对血脂水平的影响。方法研究对象来自2008-2018年中国老年健康生物标志物队列研究,该项目于2008-2009年对中国9个长寿地区老年人开展基线调查,于2011-2012、2014和2017-2018年分别进行了3次随访,共纳入有基线及至少1次随访血脂数据、排除主要膳食特征数据缺失的2011名≥65岁老年人。收集人口学特征、生活习惯、体格检查等资料,同时收集空腹静脉血进行血脂检测。采用食物频率问卷收集食物摄入频次数据,基于先验法构建植物性膳食模式和动物性膳食模式,计算2011名老年人的植物性膳食模式指数(PDI)和动物性膳食模式指数(ADI)。使用线性混合效应模型分析不同膳食模式指数与老年人血脂水平之间的关联。结果2011名研究对象年龄为(83.1±11.5)岁,女性占52.8%(1061名),PDI、ADI[M(Q_(1),Q_(3))]分别为41.0(38.0,45.0)、43.0(39.0,46.0)分。完全调整协变量后的线性混合效应模型结果显示,PDI每增加10分,总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)下降0.097(95%CI:-0.151~-0.042)mmol/L和0.078(95%CI:-0.118~-0.038)mmol/L。ADI每增加10分,TC、LDL-C上升0.096(95%CI:0.042~0.151)mmol/L和0.078(95%CI:0.038~0.118)mmol/L。结论在我国≥65岁老年人中,对植物性膳食模式依从性升高,TC、LDL-C水平可能降低,对动物性膳食模式依从性升高,TC、LDL-C水平可能升高。ObjectiveTo explore the impact of adherence to plant-based and animal-based dietary patterns on blood lipid level in Chinese older adults aged≥65.MethodsThe study subjects were from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Biomarker Survey on Aging conducted between 2008 and 2018.The project carried out a baseline survey on elderly people in nine longevity areas of China from 2008 to 2009,and conducted 3 follow-up visits respectively in 2011-2012,2014,and 2017-2018.The information about their demographic characteristics,lifestyles,physical examinations and fasting venous blood samples were collected.Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to collect data on food intake frequency.Priori plant-based and priori animal-based dietary patterns were constructed,and plant-based diet index(PDI)and animal-based diet index(ADI)were calculated in 2011 older adults.Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the associations of different dietary pattern indices with blood lipid level in older adults.ResultsThe average age of 2011 subjects was(83.1±11.5)years,52.8%(1061)of them were women.The PDI and ADI[M(Q_(1),Q_(3))]were 41.0(38.0,45.0)and 43.0(39.0,46.0),respectively.After adjusting for covariates,the results of the linear mixed effects model analysis showed that for each increment of 10-unit in PDI,total cholesterol(TC)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels decreased by 0.097(95%CI:-0.151-0.042)mmol/L and 0.078(95%CI:-0.118--0.038)mmol/L,respectively.For each increment of 10-unit in ADI,TC and LDL-C levels increased by 0.096(95%CI:0.042-0.151)mmol/L and 0.078(95%CI:0.038-0.118)mmol/L,respectively.ConclusionsIn Chinese older adults≥65 years,higher adherence to the plant-based dietary pattern may lead to reductions in TC and LDL-C levels,while higher adherence to the animal-based dietary pattern may lead to increases in TC and LDL-C levels.

关 键 词：老年人 膳食模式 血脂代谢 前瞻性队列研究 

分 类 号：R153.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]