福贡县茶园土壤养分状况分析与评价  

Analysis and Evaluation of Soil Nutrient Status in Tea Plantations of Fugong County

作　　者：龙亚芹[1] 罗梓文[1] 陈洪云[1] 陈龙 曲浩 龙丽雪 陈强 杨向德 陈林波[1] LONG Yaqin;LUO Ziwen;CHEN Hongyun;CHEN Long;QU Hao;LONG Lixue;CHEN Qiang;YANG Xiangde;CHEN Linbo(Tea Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Tea Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310008,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]中国农业科学院茶叶研究所,浙江杭州310008

出　　处：《中国茶叶》2025年第2期54-60,共7页China Tea

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1100404);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-19)。

摘　　要：为了全面了解福贡县茶园土壤养分状况并对其进行综合评价,对福贡县鹿马登乡、石月亮乡、上帕镇和匹河怒族乡4个主要产茶乡镇的代表性茶园进行土壤取样,测定土壤pH、有机质、全N、有效P、速效K、有效Ca、有效Mg、有效S含量及微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn有效态含量等土壤养分指标,并采用赋分法对土壤养分进行综合评价。结果表明,福贡县茶园土壤平均pH为5.04,其中87.5%的土壤pH介于4.5~5.5之间,符合优质高产茶园的pH标准;有机质和全氮含量极为丰富,其平均值远超优质高产茶园标准要求;有效P含量平均值为15.0 mg/kg,整体处于缺乏状态,且变异系数高达136%,表明不同茶园间有效P含量差异较大;速效K含量整体较高,平均值高达226 mg/kg;中量元素Ca、Mg和S含量处于相对较高水平,其平均值分别为641.0、89.0、46.8 mg/kg,但仍有小部分茶园处于缺乏状态,占比分别为12.50%、18.75%、6.25%;微量元素中,有效Fe和Mn含量非常丰富,平均值分别为328 mg/kg和77mg/kg,且没有发现低于临界值的样本,有效Zn含量处于中上水平,同样没有发现低于临界值的样本;然而,有效Cu含量严重缺乏,68.75%的土壤样本低于临界值。综合来看,福贡县茶园土壤养分处于中等偏上水平(平均得分为17.825)。在今后的茶园养分管理中,建议在大量元素方面增施P肥,同时在中微量元素上补充Mg和Cu肥。研究结果为福贡县茶园科学施肥管理提供重要依据,有助于推动当地茶产业的可持续发展。To comprehensively understand the soil nutrient status of tea plantations in Fugong County and conduct a comprehensive evaluation,we collected soil samples from representative tea plantations in the four main tea-producing townships:Luma Deng,Shiyueliang,Shangpa and Pihe Nu Townships.We measured the soil nutrient indicators including pH,organic matter,total N,available P,available K,available Ca,available Mg,available S,and the contents of trace elements such as Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn.We then used a scoring method to comprehensively evaluate the soil nutrients.The results show that the average pH of the tea plantation soil in Fugong County was 5.04,with 87.5%of samples ranging between 4.5 and 5.5,which met the pH standard for high-quality and high-yield tea plantations.The organic matter and total N contents were extremely rich,with their averages far exceeding the standard requirements for high-quality and high-yield tea plantations.The average of available P was 15.0 mg/kg,which was generally in a state of deficiency,and the coefficient of variation was as high as 136%,indicating a large difference in the P contents among different tea plantations.The available K content was overall high,with an average of 226 mg/kg.The medium elements Ca,Mg,and S were at relatively high levels,with an average of 641 mg/kg,89 mg/kg,and 46.8 mg/kg,respectively.However,a small portion of the tea plantations were still in a deficient state,with the proportions of 12.50%,18.75%and 6.25%,respectively.Among the trace elements,the available Fe and Mn contents were very rich,with an average of 328 mg/kg and 77 mg/kg,respectively,and no samples were found below the critical value.The available Zn content was at a medium to high level,and no samples were found below the critical value.However,the available Cu content was severely deficient,with 62.5%of the soil samples below the critical value.Overall,the soil nutrients of tea plantations in Fugong County are at a medium to high level(average value of 17.825).In the future nutrient management o

关 键 词：福贡县 茶园 养分指标 肥力评价 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]