数字经济、非认知技能溢价与性别工资差距  

Digital Economy,Noncognitive Skill Premium and Gender Wage Gap

作　　者：王杰 张世伟[2] 张君凯 WANG Jie;ZHANG Shiwei;ZHANG Junkai

机构地区：[1]山东工商学院经济学院 [2]吉林大学数量经济研究中心 [3]苏州科技大学社会发展与公共管理学院

出　　处：《中央财经大学学报》2025年第2期38-56,共19页Journal of Central University of Finance & Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“人工智能等新技术对就业的影响和对策研究”(项目编号:20BJY051)。

摘　　要：数字经济发展重塑了劳动力技能的需求结构,同时对传统人力资本理论提出了挑战。本文基于工作任务模型,引入认知技能与非认知技能不可分割假定,构建了一个一般均衡模型,同时使用2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据,探究数字经济对不同类型技能回报率的影响,并考察其如何影响中国劳动力市场中的性别工资差距。研究表明,数字经济发展导致非常规工作任务部门就业的增加与非认知技能工资回报率的提升,从而相对非认知技能水平更高的劳动者获得更高的工资回报,这一作用主要通过促进非常规工作任务职业选择概率提高与社会资本投资增加来实现;数字经济发展有助于缩小性别工资差距,但由于非认知技能回报率的性别差异,导致常规工作任务职业内性别工资差距的不断扩大。因此,政府部门在推动数字经济发展的同时,应注重劳动者非认知技能的开发和培养,以适应数字经济发展对劳动力技能需求结构的重塑,促进工资增长。The development of digital economy has reshaped the demand structure of labor skills and challenged the traditional human capital theory.Based on the job task model and the assumption that cognitive skills and noncognitive skills are inseparable,we construct a general equilibrium model,and use the CFPS data of 2018 to explore the impact of digital economy on the return to different types of skills and how it affects the gender wage gap in the Chinese labor market.We find that the development of digital economy leads to the increase of employment in non-routine work tasks and the increase of wage return on noncognitive skills,so that workers with higher noncognitive skills can get higher wage return,which is mainly realized by promoting the increase of career choice probability of non-routine work tasks and the increase of social capital investment.We also find that the development of digital economy helps to narrow the gender wage gap,but due to the gender difference in the return to noncognitive skill,the gender wage gap in routine work tasks is constantly widening.Therefore,while promoting the development of the digital economy,government departments should focus on the development and cultivation of workers noncognitive skills in order to adapt to the reshaping of the structure of labor skills demanded by the development of the digital economy and to promote wage growth.

关 键 词：数字经济 非认知技能 性别工资差距 一般均衡模型 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济] F244[经济管理—国民经济]