算力基础设施建设能破解“生产率悖论”吗——基于合作创新和劳动力技能结构的视角  

Can the Construction of Computing Infrastructure Resolve the"Productivity Paradox"?——A Perspective Based on Cooperative Innovation and Labor Skill Structure

作　　者：杨壮 吴福象 Yang Zhuang;Wu Fuxiang

机构地区：[1]南京大学经济学院 [2]南京大学经济学院、长江三角洲经济社会发展研究中心

出　　处：《经济学家》2025年第1期56-65,共10页Economist

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国深度参与全球创新链治理的机制、路径与政策研究”(20&ZD123);国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国制造业关键核心技术突破及实现路径研究”(72073061)。

摘　　要：算力基础设施是新型信息基础设施的重要组成部分,能够为企业发展提供高水平算力支撑,但在“生产率悖论”得到广泛验证的背景下,算力基础设施建设能否提升企业全要素生产率(TFP)是个值得研究的问题。本文以国家超级计算中心投入运营为外生政策冲击,利用沪深A股上市公司数据和双重差分模型,探究算力基础设施建设对企业TFP的影响效应。研究发现,算力基础设施建设能够显著促进企业TFP提升,并且提升效应与企业智能化水平密切相关。作用机制检验表明,算力基础设施建设主要通过促进企业合作创新和推动企业劳动力技能结构调整两个渠道影响企业TFP。基于地区、行业、企业三个层面的异质性分析发现,算力基础设施建设对企业TFP的影响在发展禀赋较好地区、高技术行业和国有企业中更为明显。Computing infrastructure is a key component of emerging information infrastructure,providing high-level computational support essential for enterprise development.However,in the context of the widely recognized"productivity paradox",the question of whether the construction of computing infrastructure can enhance enterprise total factor productivity(TFP)remains an important issue for investigation.Using the operationalization of national supercomputing centers as an exogenous policy shock,and employing the DID model with data from A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen,this study examines the impact of computing infrastructure on enterprise TFP.The results indicate that the development of computing infrastructure significantly enhances enterprise TFP,with the effect closely associated with the enterprise's level of intelligence adoption.Mechanism analysis suggests that this impact occurs primarily through two channels:facilitating cooperative innovation and driving adjustments in labor skill structures.Heterogeneity analysis at the regional,industry,and firm levels further reveals that the effect is more pronounced in regions with favorable development endowments,high-tech industries,and state-owned enterprises.

关 键 词：基础设施 国家超级计算中心 全要素生产率 “生产率悖论” 

分 类 号：F276[经济管理—企业管理] F49[经济管理—国民经济]