特发性黄斑前膜发病机制研究进展  

Recent progress in the pathogenesis of idiopathic epiretinal membrane

作　　者：王晨铭 王晨光[1] Wang Chenming;Wang Chenguang(Department of Ophthalmology,the Second Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130022,Jilin Province,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学第二医院眼科,吉林省长春市130022

出　　处：《国际眼科杂志》2025年第2期246-250,共5页International Eye Science

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(No.20220203143SF);吉林省自然科学基金(No.YDZJ202301ZYTS016)。

摘　　要：特发性黄斑前膜(IERM)是一种与年龄相关的黄斑区视网膜疾病。发病初期症状常以视力下降为主要特征。随着疾病的发展,严重者可导致视物变形、明显视力下降。IERM的发病机制目前尚不明确。研究者发现玻璃体后脱离(PVD)、异常PVD、肾素血管紧张素系统(RAS)激活以及Müller细胞的胶质-间质转化(GMT)在IERM发病机制中发挥了重要作用。在IERM病理学研究中发现,星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞、Müller细胞、透明细胞、成纤维细胞、肌成纤维细胞以及视网膜色素上皮层(RPE)细胞是组成IERM的主要细胞,并且IERM的细胞外基质则是以细胞外胶原纤维为主要组成部分。文章主要结合近几年针对IERM形成的病因、细胞、细胞因子及细胞外基质方面的部分研究进展,对IERM形成的相关机制进行综述,以期对其预防及治疗方面提供方向。Idiopathic epiretinal membrane(IERM)is an age-related retinal disease of the macula.In early stages,symptoms of IERM are usually characterized by visual impairment.As the disease progresses,it can lead to metamorphopsia and lower visual acuity in severe cases,the pathogenesis of IERM remains a mystery.Researchers have found that posterior vitreous detachment(PVD),anomalous PVD,activation of the renin-angiotensin system(RAS),and glial to mesenchymal transition(GMT)of Müller cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of IERM.In pathological research of IERM,astrocytes,microglia,Müller cells,hyalocytes,fibroblasts,myofibroblasts,and retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells were found to be the major cellular components of IERM,and the extracellular matrix of IERM was mainly composed of extracellular collagen fibers.In this article,we summarize the mechanisms of IERM formation in the light of some of the recent advances in research on the pathogeny,cells,cytokines,and extracellular matrix of IERM,in order to provide directions for its prevention and treatment.

关 键 词：特发性黄斑前膜 发病机制 玻璃体后脱离(PVD) 细胞成分 细胞因子 胶原纤维 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]