配方施肥对设施基质栽培番茄品质及产量的影响  

Effects of Formula Fertilization on Tomato Quality and Yield Cultivated in Facility Substrates

作　　者：郭春梅 肖皓钧 秦兴利 丁映风 沈辉 杜艳萍 张宏[1] 杨正安[1] GUO Chunmei;XIAO Haojun;QIN Xingli;DING Yingfeng;SHEN Hui;DU Yanping;ZHANG Hong;YANG Zheng’an(College of Landscape Architecture,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650200;Kunming Agricultural Radio and Television School,Kunming 650500)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学园林园艺学院,昆明650200 [2]昆明市农业广播电视学校,昆明650500

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第1期42-47,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：云南省张小兰专家工作站(202205AF150021);云南省生物种业与农产品精深加工重大专项“云南省地方特色蔬菜作物育种与安全高效栽培技术创新”(2018BB020-021-022);国家自然科学基金地区基金项目“番茄SlGIS转录因子调控花药发育的分子机制解析”(3236180187)。

摘　　要：为探究不同配方施肥对设施基质栽培番茄生长发育、品质和产量的影响,筛选出高产优质高效的施肥方案,以大番茄‘1437’为供试品种,在荷兰配方的基础上添加不同浓度的钾肥、蔗糖和鱼蛋白,对设施基质栽培的番茄进行施肥,测量番茄植株的生长指标和果实品质指标,结合隶属函数分析法综合评价不同施肥配方对设施基质栽培番茄品质及产量的影响。结果表明,施用在荷兰配方的基础上增加50%钾肥、蔗糖和鱼蛋白的配方(T9)后,番茄植株主根长比施用荷兰配方(CK)增加了75.84%;T9处理番茄植株地上部鲜质量、干质量较CK处理分别显著提高73%、70.07%;T9处理番茄根鲜质量、根干质量较CK处理分别显著增加60.45%、99.29%;T9处理番茄果实可溶性糖含量最高,比CK处理提升106.45%;T9处理番茄可溶性固形物最高,达到4.7%,比CK处理显著增加14.63%;T9处理番茄单株产量比CK处理显著提高38.96%。由此可见,T9处理显著促进了番茄植株的生长发育,增加了番茄植株的物质积累,改善了番茄果实品质,提高了番茄产量。The aim is to explore the effects of different formula fertilizations on the growth,quality and yield of tomato cultivated in facility substrate,aiming to screen out high-yield,high-quality and high-efficiency fertilization schemes.Taking large tomato‘1437’as the test variety,different concentrations of potassium fertilizer,sucrose and fish protein were added on the basis of the Dutch formula to fertilize tomatoes cultivated in facility substrate.The growth indexes and fruit quality indexes of tomato plants were measured,and the effects of different fertilization formulas on the quality and yield of tomatoes cultivated in facility substrate were comprehensively evaluated by membership function analysis.The results showed that after applying the formula(T9)with 50%increase in potassium fertilizer,sucrose and fish protein on the basis of the Dutch formula,the main root length of tomato plants increased by 75.84%compared with the application of the Dutch formula(CK treatment).The fresh weight and dry weight of the aboveground part of tomato plants treated with T9 were significantly increased by 73%and 70.07%respectively compared with CK treatment.The fresh root weight and dry root weight of tomato treated with T9 were significantly increased by 60.45%and 99.29%respectively compared with CK treatment.The soluble sugar content of tomato fruits treated with T9 was the highest,which was increased by 106.45%compared with CK treatment.The soluble solids of tomato treated with T9 were the highest,reaching 4.7%,which was significantly increased by 14.63%compared with CK treatment.The yield per plant of tomato treated with T9 was significantly increased by 38.96%compared with CK treatment.Thus,T9 treatment significantly promoted the growth and development of tomato plants,increased the material accumulation of tomato plants,improved the quality of tomato fruits and increased the yield of tomatoes.

关 键 词：钾 蔗糖 鱼蛋白 番茄 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]