爆炸冲击波作用下颅脑动力学响应及头盔防护性能  

Craniocerebral Dynamic Response and Helmet Protection Performance under Blast Shock Wave

作　　者：邹佳佳 羊玢 高峰 马璇 张星宇 郭世杰 ZOU Jiajia;YANG Bin;GAO Feng;MA Xuan;ZHANG Xinyu;GUO Shijie(School of Automotive and Rail Transportation,Nanjing Institute of Technology,Nanjing 211167,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工程学院汽车与轨道交通学院,南京211167

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2024年第6期1034-1041,共8页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12372079);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20201470);南京工程学院研究生科技创新基金项目(TB202417039)。

摘　　要：目的研究头盔在正面连续爆炸冲击波作用下对人体头部损伤的防护性能。方法建立头-头盔有限元耦合模型,分析正面单次爆炸和正面连续爆炸冲击波作用场景下头盔对颅内压和颅骨应力等生物力学响应参数的影响,探讨颅脑组织在爆炸环境中的动态变化规律,评估头盔对人体头部的防护性能。结果在正面单次爆炸冲击情况下,头盔能够有效降低额叶、枕叶和顶叶的颅内压,分别为32%、38%和19%,同时能够有效降低颅骨后方的应力高峰值。在正面连续爆炸冲击情况下,头盔能够降低顶叶和枕叶的颅内压,分别为36%和21%,但由于缺乏面部保护,对额叶颅内压的影响有限。结论相比于正面单次爆炸冲击波,正面连续爆炸冲击波因其对头部的有效作用时间较长,对颅脑损伤的影响更为严重。由于冲击波会从不同方向和高度传播,使得头盔对脸部的防护作用微乎其微。研究结果可为正面连续爆炸冲击波作用下人体头部损伤的生物力学研究以及新型头盔的设计提供重要参考。Objective To study the protective effect of helmet on human head injury under continuous frontal blast shock wave.Methods A finite element head-helmet coupling model was established to analyze the effects of helmets on biomechanical response parameters such as intracranial pressure and cranial pressure under single frontal blast and continuous frontal blast shock wave.The dynamic changing law of brain tissues in the blast environment was discussed to evaluate the protective performance of helmets on human head.Results In the case of single frontal blast impact,the helmet could effectively reduce intracranial pressure in the frontal lobe,occipital lobe,and parietal lobe by 32%,38%,and 19%,respectively,as well as peak stress at the rear of the skull.In the case of continuous frontal blast impact,the helmet could reduce intracranial pressure in the parietal lobe and occipital lobe by 36%and 21%,respectively,but its effect on intracranial pressure in the frontal lobe was limited due to the lack of facial protection.Conclusions Compared to single blast shock wave,continuous frontal blast shock wave has a more severe impact on craniocerebral injury due to its long effective effects on the head.Since the shock wave propagates from different directions and heights,the protective effect of the helmet on the face is minimal.This study can provide important references for biomechanical research of human head injury under continuous frontal blast shock wave and the design of new helmets.

关 键 词：正面连续爆炸冲击波 颅脑组织 动力学响应 防护头盔 生物力学响应 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]