《本草拾遗》中外来药材阿勒勃的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Exotic Medicinal Materials Alebo in Bencao Shiyi

作　　者：杨金燕 张水利[1] 詹志来 俞冰[1] YANG Jinyan;ZHANG Shuili;ZHAN Zhilai(School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,Hangzhou(310053),China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs)

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学药学院,杭州310053 [2]道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,中药资源中心

出　　处：《浙江中医药大学学报》2025年第1期9-17,共9页Journal of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

基　　金：中央本级重大增减支项目“名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目”(2060302);2023年浙江文化研究工程第二批立项课题重大项目(23WH27ZD);浙江中医药大学“浙派本草”微专业建设项目(浙中医大办〔2023〕143);2018全国中药资源普查项目(国中医药办科技函﹝2018﹞132号);2017年浙江省中药资源普查项目(17-21201)。

摘　　要：[目的]考证《本草拾遗》中首载外来药材阿勒勃的植物基原。[方法]基于《海药本草》《本草纲目》等古籍的记载,通过古今文献考证和植物学比较等研究,结合野外实地考察,从植物形态、生境分布、药物名称、性味功效等角度,对阿勒勃进行考证。[结果]对比研究发现,《本草拾遗》的阿勒勃(婆罗门皂荚)与豆科酸豆(Tamarindus indica L.,T.indica)形态特征相符。酸豆产于印度半岛、马来群岛,与婆罗门皂荚的生境、名称吻合,两者性味功效相近,且口尝酸豆果皮、种子符合婆罗门皂荚的“味”。《本草纲目》中记载的阿勃勒(波斯皂荚)与豆科腊肠树(Cassia fistula L.,C.fistula)形态一致,还具有吊瓜树(Kigelia africana(Lam.)Benth.,K.africana)的部分特征。结合进一步研究,腊肠树的生境、名称、性味功效与阿勃勒的特点相符。《本草纲目》附录《桂海志》的罗望子,梧桐科苹婆(Sterculia nobilis Smith,S.nobilis)符合其“九层皮果”一名,苹婆和假苹婆(Sterculia lanceolata Cav.,S.lanceolata)的形态、生境、性味功效均与罗望子一致。[结论]建议《中药大辞典》等书修订时,将“婆罗门皂荚”基原改为豆科酸豆(T.indica),《中华本草维吾尔药卷》等书修订时“罗望子”基原改为梧桐科苹婆(S.nobilis)及假苹婆(S.lanceolata),以正本清源,重续药史,传承精华。[Objective Objective]To examine the botanical origin of the exotic medicinal materia Alebo firstly contained in Bencao Shiyi.[Methods Methods]Based on the records of Haiyao Bencao,Compendium of Materia Medica,etc.,through ancient and modern literature verification and comparative botanical studies,combined with fieldwork in the field,from the perspectives of plant morphology,habitat distribution,herb name,nature and flavor,efficacy,the Alebo was examined.[Results Results]Comparative study revealed that the Alebo(Brahman saponaria)of the Bencao Shiyi matches the morphological characteristics of the Leguminosae Tamarindus indica L.(T.indica).T.indica are native to the Indian Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago,matching the habitat and name of the Brahmin saponaria.The two properties of similar nature and flavor,efficacy and mouth taste of T.indica peel and seeds are in line with the Brahmin Saponaria of the“taste”.The Compendium of Materia Medica blackmail variant of Abole(Persian saponaria)is morphologically consistent with the Leguminosae Cassia fistula L.(C.fistula),and also bears some of the characteristics of the Kigelia africana(Lam.)Benth.(K.africana).In conjunction with further research,the habitat,name,and nature and flavor,efficacy effects of the C.fistula are consistent with the characteristics of Abole.Compendium of Materia Medica appendix Guihai Zhi tamarind,Sterculiaceae Sterculia nobilis Smith(S.nobilis)in line with the“nine layers of skin fruit”one.S.nobilis and Sterculia lanceolata Cav.(S.lanceolata)are consistent with tamarind in morphology,habitat,and nature and flavor,efficacy.[Conclusion Conclusion]It is suggested that in the revision of the Dictionary of Chinese Medicine and other books,the origin of“Brahmin saponaria”should be changed to T.indica of the Leguminosae,and that in the revision of the Chinese Materia Medica Uyghur Medicine Volume and other books,the origin of“tamarind”should be changed to S.nobilis and S.lanceolata of the Sterculiaceae.In order to correct the origi

关 键 词：阿勒勃 本草考证 酸豆 腊肠树 苹婆 假苹婆 浙派本草 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]