施药频次和间隔期对小麦赤霉病防效及病菌消长动态的影响  

Effects of application frequency and interval of fungicides on wheathead blight control and dynamics of pathogen growth

作　　者：黄慧 张曼玉 张承启[1] 陈莉[1] HUANG Hui;ZHANG Manyu;ZHANG Chengqi;CHEN Li(College of Plant Protection,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anhui Province,Suzhou 234000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学植物保护学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省宿州市农业科学院,宿州234000

出　　处：《植物保护》2025年第1期311-318,共8页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1400100)。

摘　　要：为提高药剂对小麦赤霉病及其脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)毒素的控制效果,采用2种杀菌剂研究了施药频次和施药间隔期对赤霉病防效、籽粒DON含量、病菌消长和农药残留量的影响。结果表明:2次防治对小麦赤霉病和DON毒素的控制效果显著高于1次防治,且与3次防治间无显著差异;扬花初期第1次防治后第5~7天进行第2次施药,防治效果显著高于间隔更长时间的处理;第3次防治的实施时间对防效无显著影响。第1次防治后10 d内麦穗中菌量的增长受到显著抑制,10 d后抑制作用减弱;氰烯菌酯和氟唑菌酰羟胺第1次防治后的第5天进行第2次防治,第2次防治后30 d时麦穗中赤霉病菌的含量分别为16.61μg/100 mg和15.56μg/100 mg,显著低于1次防治处理;随着第2次防治时间的后移,小麦穗部菌量增长呈逐渐增加趋势;第2次防治后第5、10、15、20天进行第3次防治,麦穗最终带菌量无显著差异。氰烯菌酯和氟唑菌酰羟胺不同频次及间隔期施药处理下,麦穗中农药含量变化动态基本一致,以施药当天最高,随后快速降低;各处理收获时小麦籽粒中农药残留均在安全范围内。In order to improve control effect of fungicides on wheat head blight and deoxynivalenol(DON)toxin,impact of application frequency and interval on control effect,DON content in grains,pathogen growth and fungicide residue in wheat ears were investigated by using of two fungicides.The results showed that twice application were significantly more effective than once in controlling wheat Fusarium head blight and content of DON toxin,with no significant difference between two and three times.Applying fungicide on 5-7 day after the first application in the early anthesis stage,the control effect was significantly better than that of treatments with an interval longer than 10 days.The time of the third application had no significant impact on the control effect.The growth of pathogens in wheat ears was significantly inhibited within 10 days after the first application,however,the inhibitory effect weakened after 10 days.When the second application was carried out on the fifth days after the first application with phenamacril and pydiflumetofen,30 days after the second application,the fungal biomass in wheatear was 16.61μg/100 mg and 15.56μg/100 mg,respectively,significantly lower than those control only once.As the timing of the second application was delayed,fungal growth in wheat ears gradually increased.There was no significant difference in final fungal biomass among different intervals for the third control.Regardless of different times or intervals of applications with phenamacril and pydiflumetofen,residues followed a similar dynamic pattern in wheatear,reaching their highest levels on the application day and then rapidly decreasing thereafter.All fungicide residues in grains with various treatments were within safe limits at harvest.

关 键 词：小麦赤霉病 施药频次 间隔期 防效 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 菌量 

分 类 号：S435.121.45[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]