我国城镇污水处理按效付费指标体系的探讨  

Discussion on the Index System of Pay-for-Performance for Urban Wastewater Treatment at Home

作　　者：彭颖 方蔼琳 陈思 PENG Ying;FANG Ailing;CHEN Si(Chongqing Municipal Design Institute of Chongqing Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401120,China;Sponge City Construction Engineering Technology Research Center of Chongqing,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆设计集团有限公司市政设计研究院,重庆401120 [2]重庆市海绵城市建设工程技术研究中心,重庆401120

出　　处：《净水技术》2025年第1期26-32,44,共8页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：重庆市建设科技计划项目(城科字2019第1-5-4号)。

摘　　要：【目的】为推动污水处理行业健康持续发展,顺应国家关于建立按效付费机制的政策导向,研究旨在分析全国各城市污水处理绩效考核的现状及国内相关研究进展,设计科学的绩效考核思路。【方法】研究首先通过文献综述和现状分析,明确了当前污水处理绩效考核的薄弱环节。随后,设计了一套包含污染物削减量、进水五日生化需氧量(BOD5)等重要指标参数的绩效考核指标体系。为进一步验证该指标体系的可行性,研究收集了全国70余个污水处理厂的运行数据,并依据所设计的按效付费指标体系进行了大规模试算。【结果】在某污水厂的试算中,发现最差工况下按效付费金额相较于传统的按水量付费金额,差异比例达到了-18.30%,显示出按效付费机制对低效处理的惩罚力度。而在对70余个污水厂的全面试算中,结果显示按效付费机制在激励污水处理企业提升效能方面具有显著潜力。【结论】研究所采用的按效付费指标体系具有一定的可操作性和推广价值,能够为污水处理按效付费的实施和可持续发展提供重要参考。通过引入这一机制,激励污水处理企业提升处理效率和质量,形成良性竞争氛围,有望推动我国污水处理行业向更加科学、高效、可持续的方向发展,为美丽中国建设贡献更多力量。[Objective]To foster sustainable wastewater treatment development and align with national pay-for-performance policies,this study aims to analyze current performance evaluation and domestic research trends,designing a scientific approach.[Methods]The study first conducts a literature review and an analysis of the current situation,then designed the idea of performance assessment and established an indicator system including the important index parameters such as pollutant reduction and influent biochemical oxygen demand after 5 days(BOD5).The operational data of more than 70 WWTPs in China are collected,and a largescale trial calculation was carried out acccording to the pay-for-performance indicator system.[Results]Taking one WWTP as an example for trial calculation,the result showed that in the worst working condition,the difference ratio between the pay-for-performance and the pay for capacity reaches-18.30%.The results of trial calculations conducted at over 70 WWTPs showed the potential of payfor-performance in motivating wastewater treatment enterprises to improve their performance.By introducing this mechanism,we aim to motivate wastewater treatment enterprises to enhance their treatment efficiency and quality,fostering a beneficial competitive atmosphere.This,in turn,is expected to propel China′s wastewater treatment industry onto a more scientific,efficient,and sustainable path,ultimately bolstering its contribution to the construction of beautiful China.[Conclusion]The index system adopted in this study has certain operability and popularization value,and can provide reference for the implementation and sustainable development of the pay-for-performance of urban wastewater treatment.

关 键 词：污水处理 按效付费 绩效考核 指标体系 污染物削减量 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]