轻微犯罪记录封存的程序法争议及其应对  

Construction of Procedural Law for Minor Criminal Records Sealing System

作　　者：李思远 LI Siyuan(School of Law,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学法学院,上海200444

出　　处：《南昌大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第1期106-115,共10页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“健全社会公平正义法治保障制度研究”(20ZDA032)。

摘　　要：轻微犯罪记录封存虽是一道实体法与程序法兼具的命题,但从既往刑事速裁程序、认罪认罚从宽制度的入法经验来看,程序法层面“先试点后立法”可推动制度构建的先行展开。轻微犯罪记录封存制度的构建面临着诸多的程序法争议,如封存范围、考验期的设置、封存的程序效力、解封程序的设置等。这些程序法争议有些在既有的犯罪记录封存制度中已经得以暴露,与后者的构建具有内在的一致性,理应在制度构建的过程中进行深入讨论。就其应对而言,可确立与既有未成年人犯罪记录封存不同的“以形式封存为主,兼顾实质封存”模式,同时合理设定封存的范围,并采用“先封存,后考察”的形式设置考验期,科学界定封存的程序性效力,完善封存后的解封程序。Although the sealing of minor criminal records is a proposition that combines substantive law and procedural law,from the experience of previous criminal expedited procedures and leniency systems for confession and punishment,the principle of“pilot before legislation”at the procedural level can also promote the early development of institutional construction.The construction of the system for sealing minor criminal records faces many procedural disputes,such as the sealing of crimes,the setting of probation periods,the effectiveness of sealing procedures,and the setting of unsealing procedures.Some of these procedural disputes have already been exposed in the existing criminal record sealing system,which has inherent consistency with the construction of the latter and should be discussed in depth during the process of system construction.In terms of its response,a different“form based sealing with consideration for substantive sealing”model can be established from the sealing of existing juvenile criminal records.At the same time,the scope of sealing should be reasonably set,and a testing period should be set in the form of"sealing first,then investigation"to scientifically define the procedural effectiveness of sealing and improve the unsealing procedure after sealing.

关 键 词：轻罪 轻微犯罪 犯罪记录封存 前科消灭 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]