公务员资质过剩对组织公民行为的影响机制研究  

Research on the Influence Mechanism of Over-qualification of Civil Servants on Organizational Citizenship Behavior

作　　者：张少峰 陈於婷 魏玖长 Shaofeng Zhang;YutingChen;Jiuchang Wei

机构地区：[1]中共安徽省委党校(安徽行政学院) [2]南京大学商学院 [3]中国科学技术大学公共事务学院

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2025年第1期89-106,198,共19页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“高绩效工作系统对个体双元的作用机理:战略人力资本的跨层次涌现”(72072084);安徽省2022年度新时代育人质量工程项目(研究生教育)“组织风险与危机管理案例库”(2022zyxwjxalk003);中国科学技术大学2021年研究生课程思政建设项目“企业风险与危机管理”(2021kcsz014)。

摘　　要：随着素质教育观点深入人心,越来越多高学历人才进入就业市场,资质过剩问题凸显。基于自我调节理论,论文探讨了资质过剩对公务员组织公民行为影响的作用机制和边界条件。通过对长三角地区安徽、江苏、上海、浙江等省市386名公务员的调查数据分析,结果显示:(1)资质过剩对公务员的优势工作重塑和兴趣工作重塑具有显著正向影响;(2)优势工作重塑显著正向影响组织指向公民行为和个体指向公民行为,兴趣工作重塑显著正向影响个体指向公民行为;(3)优势工作重塑在资质过剩与组织指向、个体指向的公民行为的关系之间起中介作用,而兴趣工作重塑只在资质过剩与个体指向的公民行为的关系之间起中介作用;(4)公务员的集体主义倾向正向调节资质过剩与优势工作重塑的关系,以及优势工作重塑在资质过剩和个体指向、组织指向公民行为之间的中介作用,负向调节资质过剩与兴趣工作重塑的关系,以及兴趣工作重塑在资质过剩和个体指向公民行为之间的中介作用。研究结果对于正确看待资质过剩问题和提升公务员的组织公民行为具有重要实践意义。With the deepening of the concept of quality education,more highly educated talents are entering the job market,and the problem of excessive qualifications is becoming prominent.Based on the self-regulation theory,the study is conducted to explore the relationship between over-qualification and organizational citizenship behavior,as well as the inner mechanism which are mediated by job crafting.In addition,the moderating effect of collectivistic orientation is also investigated.The empirical analysis results based on 386 civil servants show that:over-qualification has a positive effect on job crafting towards strengths and job crafting towards interests;Job crafting towards strengths is positively related to individual-direct and organizational-direct organizational citizenship behavior,but job crafting towards interests is positively related to individual-direct organizational citizenship behavior;Job crafting towards strengths mediates the relationship between over-qualification and individual-direct and organizational-direct organizational citizenship behavior,but job crafting towards interests only mediates the relationship between over-qualification and individual-direct organizational citizenship behavior.Collectivistic orientation of civil servants plays a positive moderating role in the relationship between over-qualification and job crafting towards strengths,as well as the mediating effect of job crafting towards strengths on the relationship between over-qualification and both individual-directed and organization-directed citizenship behaviors.Conversely,collectivistic orientation plays a negative regulatory role in the relationship between over-qualification and job crafting towards interests,as well as the mediating effect of job crafting towards interests on the relationship between over-qualification and individual-directed citizenship behavior.The findings of this study are of significant practical importance in understanding the issue of over-qualification and enhancing organizational citizenship

关 键 词：资质过剩 工作重塑 组织公民行为 集体主义倾向 

分 类 号：D630.3[政治法律—政治学] F272.92[政治法律—中外政治制度]