英国外资安全审查机制:特征、缘由与应对策略  

The United Kingdom's Foreign Investment Security Review Mechanism:Institutional Characteristics,Causal Factors,and Strategic Implications

作　　者：王少棠 Wang Shaotang(the Law School of Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《区域国别学刊》2025年第1期57-76,157,共21页COUNTRY AND AREA STUDIES

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划青年项目“国有企业国际投资规则体系研究及中国方案构建”(项目号:TJFX21-011);南开大学人文社会科学类青年教师研究一般资助项目“美国外资国家安全审查动因研究”(项目号:63212080)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2022年1月,英国的《2021年国家安全和投资法》正式生效,开启了英国版的外资安全审查机制。本文通过拆解其文本,发现以下问题:该机制具有审查范围广泛、易被触发、标准灵活且工具化倾向的特征;借用建构主义理论解析可知,英国设立这样的特征化机制主要因为其身份认知出现异动:英国在强化与美国联系的同时,又视中国为“对手”。从运行实效也能看出,该机制很大程度上是为中国“量身定做”。鉴于此,本文认为我国可以从理念与规范入手,在社会进程中影响英国对我国的身份认知,努力消解该机制对我国投资者的不利影响。The National Security and Investment Act 2021,which came into effect in January 2022,established the United Kingdom's comprehensive foreign investment security review mechanism.Analysis of this legislation reveals distinctive characteristics:expansive review scope,low triggering thresholds,flexible assessment standards,and pronounced instrumental orientation.Through a constructivist theoretical framework,this study demonstrates that the mechanism's establishment reflects fundamental shifts in British identity perception,particularly in strengthening U.S.alliance relationships while repositioning China as a strategic competitor.Operational evidence suggests that the mechanism's design specifically addresses perceived challenges from Chinese investment.This study proposes that China's response should focus on engaging with conceptual frameworks and international norms to facilitate the reconstruction of British identity through social processes,thereby mitigating adverse impacts on Chinese investors in the UK market.

关 键 词：英国 外资安全审查 触发事件 建构主义 

分 类 号：D95[政治法律—法学]