生物化学在北京大学的发展历史回顾  

Biochemistry at Peking University:A Historical Perspective

作　　者：朱圣庚[1] ZHU Sheng-Geng(School of Life Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学生命科学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2025年第1期22-30,共9页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

摘　　要：1952年新中国为加强高等院校建设进行院系调整,于1953年在北京大学生物学系人体及动物生理专业内设生物化学专业课,并成立生物化学教研室。1956年在北京大学设立了综合性大学中的首个生物化学专业,教学计划兼顾生物学和化学两个学科的基础,并以重基础、重实践、启发式为主要原则。科研计划则有三个重点:蛋白质结构与功能、神经生化、核酸在遗传信息表达中的作用。张龙翔的蛋白质课题组最早在国内合成八肽,并测定胰蛋白酶自溶过程中化学结构与性质的变化,测定了大熊猫乳酸脱氢酶M链序列以此提出分类新依据。后期进行分子设计,在此基础上建立蛋白质工程国家重点实验室。徐长法和茹炳根通过生物工程技术构建了新型导向溶栓剂。沈同和王镜岩研究大脑在低温和缺氧条件下的代谢,王镜岩进而研究神经肽。沈同和朱圣庚发展了多种分离纯化核酸的方法,朱圣庚通过逆转座子整合遗传信息,并借助噬菌体展示芯片分离到多种特异抗原,并制得相应抗体。陈同度研究蛋白质变性过程化学结构和性质的变化,以及营养学和生物氧化还原反应。王志美协助陈同度继续吴宪的蛋白质变性理论研究。生化教研室十分重视社会服务,做好帮助兄弟院校培训师资的工作,中美生物化学联合招生项目(CUSBEA)以及出版生物化学教材等。改革开放以来大量引进人才,充分发挥课题组作用,生物化学教学和科研取得一系列新的成果。然而生物化学正面临一些概念上的巨大转变,以及大科学工程的需要,因此我们仍坚持教研室的组织形式,以便对教学和科研工作中遇到的问题及时展开研讨和协调。In 1952,China carried out departmental adjustments among universities to strengthen its higher education.In 1953,a specialized program on Biochemistry was established within the Specialty of Human and Animal Physiology at Peking University,and a Biochemistry Teaching and Research Division was then set up.In 1956,the first biochemistry major was established in Peking University among all the comprehensive universities in China.The biochemistry teaching emphasized its foundation in both biology and chemistry,and tried to educate students with sound foundations,sufficient practices,and great inspiration.The research work focused on three key areas:protein structures and functions,neurobiology,and nucleic acid functions.Dr.Zhang Longxiang’s protein research group was the first to chemically synthesize an octapeptide in China and to determine the changes in chemical structure and properties of trypsin after its autocleavage.They also determined the amino acid sequence of the lactate dehydrogenase M-chain of giant panda for the purpose of proposing a new classification system on these animals.Later,research on protein molecular design was conducted,on the basis of which the State Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering was established at Peking University.Xu Changfa and Ru Binggen constructed a new type of guided thrombolytic agent through protein engineering.Shen Tong and Wang Jingyan studied the metabolism of animal brains under low temperature and hypoxia conditions,and Dr.Wang Jingyan also studied neuropeptides.Drs.Shen Tong and Zhu Shenggeng developed various methods for isolating and purifying nucleic acids.Via the integration of genetic information through retrotransposons,Zhu Shenggeng isolated multiple specific antigens and antibodies by utilizing the phage display technique.Dr.Chen Tongdu investigated the changes in chemical structure and properties during protein denaturation,nutriology as well as the redox reactions in biology.Dr.Wang Zhimei assisted Dr.Chen Tongdu in continuing Dr.Hsien Wu’s research on

关 键 词：生物化学 发展历史 专业设置 教学计划 科研成果 社会服务 

分 类 号：Q5[生物学—生物化学] Q7