不同间作措施对高原苹果行间土壤和果品质量的影响  

Effects of Different Intercropping Measures on Soil and Fruit Quality of Apple Rows in Plateau

作　　者：杨旭昆[1] 刘振环[1] 米艳华[1] 杨彦雄 陈璐[1] 王文治 张鹏[1] 王建雄[3] 苏雯 YANG Xu-kun;LIU Zhen-huan;MI Yan-hua(Quality Standard and Testing Technology Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650205)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院质量标准与检测技术研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]洱源县农技推广中心,云南洱源671200 [3]云南农业大学,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第3期29-33,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202102AE090011);云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202202AE090029);云南省重大科技专项(农业)计划项目(202102AE090051)。

摘　　要：[目的]以赤小豆(IL)、箭筈豌豆(IG)、马铃薯(IP)为间作作物结合松针覆土(PC)等措施,研究不同间作措施对苹果行间土壤和果品质量的影响。[方法]通过果园行间间作的田间大区试验,研究PC、IG、IL、IP和常规管理(CK)5种果树间作措施对果园土壤养分、重金属含量、C/N、土壤团聚体以及果品质量安全和品质的影响。[结果]以赤小豆、箭筈豌豆、马铃薯为间作作物可以增加土壤有机质(其中IL增幅最大,可达30.7%)、碱解氮(可提高71%)、有效磷及速效钾的含量,降低土壤重金属含量(降低5.4%~25%),提高<2.00 mm土壤团聚体占比,提高20%以上。间作措施均可以增加土壤有机碳和氮的储量(增加约40%),降低C/N,但对土壤重金属含量影响不明显。行间松针覆土前期表现出良好的土壤保墒和抑制杂草的作用,苹果V_(C)含量显著增加,为所有处理最高(456.28 mg/kg);果树行间播撒箭筈豌豆提高苹果糖酸比2.3%,可溶性固形物和V_(C)含量分别增加5.6%、6.5%,苹果质量和产量表现较好。[结论]综合考虑土壤质量和苹果提质增效,推荐采用松针覆盖+间作箭筈豌豆(绿肥)的高原苹果园间作模式。[Objective]The effects of intercropping measures on soil and fruit quality of apple row were studied by using Vicia sativa(IL),Vigna umbellata(IG)and potato(IP)as intercropping crops combined with soil cover of pine needles(PC).[Method]The effects of intercropping measures on soil nutrients,heavy metal contents,C/N,soil aggregates,fruit quality and safety of orchard were investigated through field trials of intercropping of PC,IG,IL,IP and conventional management(CK).[Result]Using intercropping crops such as IL,IG,and IP could increase soil organic matter(with the highest increase in IL up to 30.7%),alkaline nitrogen(with an increase of 71%),available phosphorus,and available potassium,while reduced soil heavy metal content(by 5.4%to 25%),the proportion of soil aggregates<2 mm increased by 20%or more.Intercropping could increase soil organic carbon and nitrogen reserves(40%),but the C/N ratio showed a decreasing trend.The contents of heavy metals(As,Pb and Cd)in soil under different intercropping treatments increased and decreased,but the differences were not significant.In the early stage of soil covering,PC showed good effects on soil moisture preservation and weed control,the V C content of apples increased significantly,which was the highest among all treatments(456.28 mg/kg).Sowing Vicia sativa could increase the ratio of sugar to acid of apple(2.3%),soluble solids and V_(C)content(5.6%and 6.5%respectively),improve the nutritional quality of fruit,and ensure the yield of apple.[Conclusion]According to the practical management technology of orchard production,it is recommended to adopt the intercropping model of pine needle mulching in dry period and sowing of green fertilizer such as Vicia sativa in rain period.

关 键 词：苹果 间作模式 C/N 土壤质量 果品质量 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]