青藏高原典型高寒退化湿地与草甸土壤有机碳现状研究  

Research of Soil Organic Carbon State in Typical Alpine-Cold Degraded Wetland and Meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：唐仕芳 苟小林[1] 补春兰 杨廷勇 李森[1] 罗海霞 涂卫国[1] 罗雪梅[1] TANG Shi-fang;GOU Xiao-lin;BU Chun-lan(Sichuan Province Natural Resources Science Academy,Chengdu,Sichuan 610015)

机构地区：[1]四川省自然资源科学研究院,四川成都610015 [2]甘孜藏族自治州草原工作站,四川康定262000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第3期70-76,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2022YFN0064);四川省自然资源科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2023JDKY0001)。

摘　　要：青藏高原湿地巨大的土壤碳库对区域碳安全具有重要意义,但不同气候区退化的典型高寒湿地土壤有机碳损失现状研究相对缺乏。研究选择青藏高原不同气候区的典型高寒湿地和草甸,分析退化后0~10 cm土壤层和>10~20 cm土壤层有机碳损失现状,探讨土壤碳库恢复潜力与对策。研究结果表明:半湿润区的长沙贡玛区域至半干旱区的青海湖流域表层土壤(0~20 cm)有机碳含量随着降水量与海拔降低而减小(P<0.05),长沙贡玛湿地至青海湖湿地土壤层(0~10 cm)有机碳含量分别由372.07 g/kg降低至64.41 g/kg,差异显著(P<0.05);严重的退化导致半湿润区和半干旱区湿地与草甸土壤中有机碳大量损失,长沙贡玛区域和若尔盖区域的退化湿地和草甸表层土壤(0~20 cm)有机碳损失率约90%,而青海湖流域的退化湿地和草甸表层土壤(0~20 cm)有机碳损失率超过50%。尽管高寒湿地和草甸进行生态恢复以重新构建土壤碳库的潜力较大,但现有研究并不能完全满足高寒湿地和草甸生态恢复的需求,未来建议从材料、生物等因子综合构建恢复措施,并且加强生态系统恢复与生态系统服务间的平衡关系研究。The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau’s vast soil carbon pool of wetlands has great function for holding regional carbon balance and security.However,research on soil organic carbon loss in degraded alpine wetlands across different climate zones is limited.This study investigates the current status of soil organic carbon loss in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers of degraded wetlands and meadows in different climate regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Additionally,it explores potential restoration strategies for the soil carbon pool.The results show that:the soil organic carbon content of surface layer(0-20 cm)decreased significantly with declining precipitation and elevation from the sub-humid Changshagongma area to the semi-arid Qinghai Lake Basin(P<0.05).Specifically,wetland soil organic carbon content in the 0-10 cm layer decreased significantly from 372.07 to 64.41 g/kg(P<0.05).Extreme degradation has resulted in significant loss of organic carbon,with surface soil(0-20 cm)loss rate of about 90%in the Changshagongma and the Ruoergai areas and over 50%in the Qinghai Lake Basin.Despite the great potential for ecosystem restoration to rebuild the soil carbon pool in alpine-cold wetlands and meadows,current research is insufficient to meet restoration demands.Further restoration efforts should incorporate comprehensive measures involving materials and biological factors,while paying more attentions on the balance between ecosystem restoration and ecosystem service functions.

关 键 词：青藏高原 湿地 草甸 退化 土壤有机碳 恢复潜力 气候区 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]