采集分类与话语转换:西方人在川西北地区博物学考察研究(1877-1945)  

Collection Classification and Discourse Transition:Westerners'Natural History Investigations in Northwestern Sichuan(1877-1945)

作　　者：敬川 Jing Chuan(School of History and Archives,Yunnan University,Kunming,650091,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史与档案学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《民族学刊》2024年第12期58-67,148,共11页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目:“近代西方探查中国边疆相关档案文献的整理与研究”(24&ZD278);四川省哲学社会科学基金“古蜀文明与冷门绝学研究”重大专项“近代西方的四川研究文献汇编与研究”(SCJJ24ZD110)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近代西方人在川西北地区的博物学考察属于知识建构的过程。这些博物活动在路线选择上多与传统的“古道”重合,而领事馆势力、传教网络对博物活动展开影响深远。西方人对川西北的博物研究,经历了业余搜集、专业采集、带有考古性质器物采集,以及将采集成果送进博物馆,进行知识展陈等几个阶段。早期考察者主要是通过生动、细节化的游记书写和摄影作品,对川西北区域社会进行自然概括。专业采集者出现后,引种与采集促进了川西北地区物品的全球流动。在华西协和大学博物馆的框架图式中,川西北地区是华西文明图景的一部分,西方人将川西北地区的植物、标本和其他文物送回母国的植物园和博物馆,则完成了积累帝国财富与扩充知识体系的转换。西方人在川西北地区进行博物采集的方法、观点后来被中国学者所引用、借鉴和批评;这种局面的形成,既有中西学术竞争的原因,也顺应学术“积薪而上”的演进趋势。从当时中国学者立足于国家和社会的现状,进行区域植物学、生物学调查研究的话语出发,思考以中国为主体、为本位的学术研究,可以对当下学科体系、学术体系、话语体系建设提供借鉴意义。The natural history activities undertaken by Westerners in Northwestern Sichuan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries appeared to be part of the process of imperial knowledge construction.These activities typically followed traditional“ancient routes”in terms of route selection and were significantly shaped by consular and missionary networks.Records further demonstrate these influences manifested in several key ways:Consuls and their staff directly engaged in field research in the northwest of Sichuan Province;investigators often relied on consular support to access these remote areas;and investigators relied on missionaries stationed in Chengdu or Northwestern Sichuan for logistical aid and local knowledge,revealing a tendency that the investigation routes often coincided with the missionary routes.It conceivably was precisely through the assistance of these imperial networks and institutions that Western investigators could move freely on Chinese soil and produce various types of insights about China through investigation and research.It is furthermore found that Western natural history research on Northwestern Sichuan evolved from amateur collecting to more professionalized efforts,later encompassing archaeological artifacts and culminating in the display of findings in museums.Early investigators mainly provided descriptive accounts of local social conditions through vivid and detailed travelogues and photographic documentation.As professional collectors emerged,their activities promoted the global circulation of items from the northwest of Sichuan Province.In the framework schema of the West China Union University Museum,Northwestern Sichuan was presented as part of the civilization picture of West China.The Westerners'sending of plants,specimens,and other cultural relics from Sichuan back to their home countries'botanical gardens and museums contributed to the expansion of imperial wealth and knowledge.Data further affirms that,these research,collection,description,and display activities appare

关 键 词：博物学 川西北 西方人 中国知识体系构建 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]