适应平潭海岛沙质土壤特性的拖拉机播种机具作业参数试验与改进  

Operation Parameter Trials and Improvement Measures of Tractor Seeder Adapted to the Sandy Soil Characteristics of Pingtan Island

作　　者：王旭东 WANG Xudong(Agriculture and Rural Development Service Center of Pingtan Comprehensive Experimentanl Zone,Pingtan,Fujian 350400)

机构地区：[1]平潭综合实验区农业农村发展服务中心,福建平潭350400

出　　处：《热带农业工程》2025年第1期29-33,共5页Tropical Agricultural Engineering

摘　　要：在福建沿海平潭海岛推进全程机械化进程中,海岛风沙土壤对拖拉机作业影响较大,尤其是在牵引联合式播种机状态下,具体表现为:轮式拖拉机轮胎陷入沙质土壤过深而导致作业阻力相对较大,播种效率低、油耗大、株距控制不佳,另外播种机起垄器不适本地沙土,易导致塌垄,覆盖压实效果不佳。通过对作业过程影响因素分析,以轮胎胎压、作业负载、机具结构等作为分析对象并进行相应机具改良和作业参数试验。结果显示,通过调低胎压至额定胎压60%~75%,作业负载控制在5350~5650 kg,采用当地常用的小三角型起垄器等措施可以减少当地沙土对拖拉机播种作业的影响,对本地旱地作物机械化生产有推广价值。In the whole mechanization process of Pingtan Island(Fujian Province),the sandy soil has a significant influence on tractor operations,especially when towing combined seeder,the specific manifestations include:wheeled tractors'tires sinking too deeply into sandy soil,leading to increased operational resistance,low seeding efficiency,high fuel consumption,and poor control over plant spacing.Additionally,the ridger-forming tools on the seeder are not suitable for local sand,often causing ridge collapse,poor coverage and compaction.By analyzing the factors affecting the operation,aspects such as tire pressure,operational load,machine structure are identified as key areas for improvement and testing.The results showed that reducing the tire pressure to rated pressure 60%~75%,controlling the operational load among 5350~5650 kg,and using the locally common small triangular ridge-making tools can effectively reduce the impact of the local sand soil on tractor sowing operations.These improvements have valuable implications for promoting mechanized production of dryland crops in the region.

关 键 词：土壤特性 海岛 播种作业 马铃薯 

分 类 号：S233.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]