施氮对不同食味品质水稻根系生长及分泌有机酸的影响  

Effect of nitrogen application rates on root growth and organic acid secretion in two rice varieties with different eating quality

作　　者：李浩晶 张丹珂 李海润 曹静 徐国伟[1] LI Hao-jing;ZHANG Dan-ke;LI Hai-run;CAO Jing;XU Guo-wei(Agricultural College,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第2期163-173,共11页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：河南省自然科学基金(212300410341);河南省科技攻关项目(242102110169);河南科技大学博士科研启动基金项目(13480108)资助。

摘　　要：氮肥施用对水稻生长发育及品质形成具有重要影响,为明确施氮对不同食味品质水稻根系生长及分泌有机酸的影响,以郑稻C42(优质食味)和徐稻3号(一般食味)为供试品种进行盆栽试验,设置4个氮肥施用量,分别为0、120、240、360 kg·hm^(-2)(以N0、N_(120)、N_(240)、N_(3)60表示),测定水稻根长、根表面积、根系氧化力、根系伤流量、根系伤流液中玉米素和玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)含量、脱落酸含量(ABA)、有机酸总量,为优质食味稻米栽培提供参考。结果表明:随着施氮量的增加,水稻根表面积、根系氧化力、Z+ZR含量、有机酸总量先增加后降低,两品种在N_(240)处各指标达到最高值。与不施氮肥相比,抽穗期徐稻3号在N_(240)时上述指标分别增加了148.0%、48.5%、16.0%与86.5%,郑稻C42在N_(240)时分别增加了103.7%、72.5%、17.8%与98.0%。ABA含量随施氮量增加先降低后增加,在N_(240)处达到最低值。不同食味品种间比较发现,郑稻C42的根系氧化力、根系伤流量、根系伤流液中Z+ZR含量和有机酸总量高于徐稻3号,平均增加40.7%、74.7%、9.7%和34.1%。郑稻C42的根长、根表面积均小于徐稻3号。相关分析可知,根表面积、根系氧化力、根系伤流量、根系伤流液中Z+ZR含量和有机酸总量与直链淀粉含量呈显著或极显著负相关,而与胶稠度呈显著或极显著正相关;幼穗分化始期根系伤流液中ABA含量与直链淀粉含量呈极显著正相关,而与胶稠度呈极显著负相关。综上,N_(240)下不同食味品种根系生长及分泌功能较强。优质食味郑稻C42的根长、根表面积较小,而根系生理活性及根系伤流液中Z+ZR含量与有机酸总量较高。研究结果可以为不同食味水稻栽培及氮肥管理提供理论依据。The application of nitrogen fertilizer affects the growth,yield,and quality of rice(Oryza sativa).The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different nitrogen application rates on root growth and organic acid secretion in two rice varieties with different eating quality.A pot experiment was conducted with the rice varieties‘Zhengdao C42’(high flavor quality)and‘Xudao 3’(medium flavor quality).The experiment was established with a control and three nitrogen fertilization treatments:0(N0),120(N_(120)),240(N_(240)),and 360(N_(240))kg N·ha^(-1).The rice plants were analyzed to determine root length,root surface area,root oxidation activity,root exudation,the contents of zeatin and zeatin riboside(Z+ZR),and abscisic acid(ABA),and total organic acids in root exudates.The results showed that the root surface area,root oxidation activity,Z+ZR contents,and total organic acids in root exudates showed trends of initially increasing and then decreasing as the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application was increased.In both rice varieties,the maximum values of all measured indexes were in the N_(240) treatment.The root surface area,root oxidation activity,Z+ZR content,and total organic acids in root exudates were increased by 148.0%,48.5%,16.0%,and 86.5%,respectively,in Xudao 3 in the N_(240) treatment at the heading stage;and by 103.7%,72.5%,17.8%,and 98.0%,respectively,in Zhengdao C42 in the N_(240) treatment at the heading stage,compared with their respective controls at the same stage.The ABA content first decreased and then increased as the nitrogen application rate increased,and was lowest in the N_(240) treatment.Comparisons of the two varieties showed that the root oxidation activity,root exudation,Z+ZR content,and total organic acids in root exudates were 40.7%,74.7%,9.7%,and 34.1%higher,respectively,in Zhengdao C42 than in Xudao 3.The root length and root surface area were lower in Zhengdao C42 than in Xudao 3.The root surface area,root oxidation activity,root exudation,Z+ZR content,and total organ

关 键 词：水稻 食味品质 施氮量 根系生长 根系分泌 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]