西瓜种子超干膜除湿热风联合系统设计与试验  

Design and experiment of watermelon seeds ultra dry with dehumidification and hot air combined system

作　　者：樊宇航 吴今姬 宋卫东 王教领 王明友 丁天航 Fan Yuhang;Wu Jinji;Song Weidong;Wang Jiaoling;Wang Mingyou;Ding Tianhang(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210014

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2025年第2期126-131,共6页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划(BE2022319);江苏省自然基金(BK2022204);中国农业科学院科技创新工程——果蔬生产与加工技术装备团队项目(31—NIAM—09);中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(S202006—03)。

摘　　要：针对种子超干过程中热风干燥效率低,不能有效实现低温低湿的干燥环境的问题,设计一种膜除湿与热风联合干燥系统。设计膜除湿系统、热风系统,通过精确控制干燥过程中的温度和湿度,提高种子的干燥效率和品质,同时降低能耗。以种子含水率、发芽率、发芽势和相对电导率等评价指标评估干燥质量,对比热风干燥与膜除湿联合热风干燥系统的干燥效率和干燥极限。通过数据分析,建立西瓜种子超干含水率变化曲线。同时对各影响因素进行分析,综合优化干燥工艺并进行试验验证。结果表明,西瓜种子的最佳超干含水率在3%以下,发芽率98%且有92%发芽势。西瓜种子最佳超干条件为箱内温度50℃和相对湿度4%RH,此时可以将种子含水率降低到3%,耗时3.7 h,总功率为1647.5 W/h,在保证效率高的同时提高种子质量。In response to the issue of low hot air drying efficiency during the seed super-drying process,which fails to effectively achieve a low-temperature and low-humidity drying environment,a combined membrane dehumidification and hot air drying system is designed.The main design includes the system structure,membrane dehumidification system,hot air system,and technical parameters.Membrane dehumidification system and hot air system are designed to improve the drying efficiency and quality of seeds and reduce energy consumption by precisely controlling the temperature and humidity during the drying process.The drying quality is evaluated based on indicators such as seed moisture content,germination rate,germination potential,and relative electrical conductivity.A comparison is made between the drying efficiency and drying limits of the hot air drying system combined with the membrane dehumidification.Data analysis is conducted to establish a curve of water content change in watermelon seeds during super-drying.At the same time,various influencing factors are analyzed,and the drying process is comprehensively optimized and verified through experiments.The results show that the optimal super-drying moisture content for watermelon seeds is below 3%,with a germination rate of 98%and a germination potential of 92%.The optimal super-drying conditions for watermelon seeds are a chamber temperature of 50°C and a relative humidity of 4%RH,at which the seed moisture content can be reduced to 3%,taking 3.7 hours with a total power consumption of 1647.5 W/h,ensuring high efficiency while improving seed quality.

关 键 词：西瓜种子 膜除湿 热风干燥 节能除湿 种子超干 

分 类 号：S226.6[农业科学—农业机械化工程]