大学师生互动的类型、特征及其强化策略——基于P大学通识教育情境的观察与讨论  

Types,Characteristics and Strengthening Strategies of Teacher-Student Interaction in University:A Case Study of P-University

作　　者：李腾子[1] LI Tengzi

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学人文学院,北京100191

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2025年第1期87-96,共10页University Education Science

基　　金：北京大学教育研究中心2024年度“北大研究”课题“美育与思政导向下的北京大学音乐教育教学创新研究”(2024YB07);2024年北京大学“教学新思路2.0”项目“聆听与歌唱”(2024AL17)。

摘　　要：教师和学生是大学教育中最基础的行动主体,师生互动被认为是影响教学效果的关键因素。通过对国内某大学部分师生开展深度访谈,结合课堂教学持续观察,发现大学生群体在进入特定教育情境后基于其认知结构和主观态度,他们对于所处教育情境作出差异化情境定义,出现了群体内部分化,采取了不同学习行为,逐渐发展出“互动缺失—无连通、弱互动—弱连通、强互动—强连通”三种基本的师生互动状态和关系类型。进一步观察发现,师生互动越强,师生关系越紧密,教学效果越好。为强化师生互动、提升教学效果,可在当期、中期和远期三个层面逐级设定大学生发展目标,激发大学生内生学习动力,及时回应学生呼吁,重塑学生认知结构,建立多维度师生互动支持网络,以实现师生强互动和关系强连通。Teachers and students are the most important and fundamental actors in university education,and teacher-student interaction is considered a key factor affecting teaching effectiveness.Through in-depth interviews with some teachers and students of P-university,combined with continuous observation of classroom teaching,it is found that after entering a specific educational context,the university students make differentiated context definitions for the educational context based on their cognitive structure and subjective attitude,and there is internal differentiation within the group.Different learning behaviors are adopted,and three basic teacher-student interaction states and relationship types are gradually developed:less interaction-no connection,weak interaction-weak connection,and strong interaction-strong connection.Further observation shows that the stronger the teacher-student interaction,the closer the teacher-student relationship,and the better the teaching effect.In order to strengthen teacher-student interaction and improve teaching effectiveness,the development goals of university students can be set step by step at the current,medium-term and long-term levels,stimulate the endogenous learning motivation of university students,respond to students'calls on time,reshape students'cognitive structure,and establish a multi-dimensional teacher-student interaction support network to achieve strong interaction between teachers and students and strong connection between relationships.

关 键 词：大学教育 高校教学 师生互动 师生关系 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]