不同颜色蝴蝶兰花瓣的解剖结构与呈色规律研究  

Study on the Anatomical Structure and Pigmenting Regularity of Phalaenopsis aphrodite Petals with Different Colors

作　　者：张果 杨录军 王世尧 冯建 赵玉安 王俊 ZHANG Guo;YANG Lujun;WANG Shiyao;FENG Jian;ZHAO Yu'an;WANG Jun(Zhengzhou Institute of Agriculture and Technology Science,Zhengzhou 450005,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州市农业科技研究院,郑州450005

出　　处：《种子》2025年第1期39-47,共9页Seed

基　　金：河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)(232102111101);河南省林木种质资源建设项目(豫财环资[2023]60号)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同颜色蝴蝶兰花色表型与细胞形态、色素的分布及含量之间的关系,本试验以不同颜色的蝴蝶兰花瓣为材料,利用分光色差仪测定其颜色,通过徒手切片观察花瓣的表皮细胞形态、色素在纵切结构上的分布、上下表皮细胞色素含量,检测花瓣中花青素、类黄酮和类胡萝卜素的含量。结果表明,不同颜色蝴蝶兰花瓣表观颜色差异较大,L^(*)值、a^(*)值、b^(*)值存在显著性差异,L^(*)最大的是白色系,a^(*)值最大的是紫色系,b^(*)值最大的黄绿色系。蝴蝶兰花瓣表皮细胞可分五类(扁平细胞、圆顶细胞、锥形细胞、乳突细胞和细长锥形细胞),同一品种上表皮圆锥化程度高于下表皮,相关性分析发现,花色表型与表皮细胞各参数无显著相关性。切片观察发现,呈色物质主要集中分布在上表皮、下表皮和栅栏组织,少量分布在海绵组织中,不同的品种色素的分布部位和细胞层数存在一定的差异,同一品种上表皮颜色比下表皮颜色深。蝴蝶兰明度L^(*)值与花青素含量呈极显著负相关,而且色素在细胞中分布层数越多、显色物质颜色越深,花青素含量就越高,花瓣紫红色越深,色泽越暗,黄蓝b^(*)值与类黄酮和类胡萝卜素呈显著正相关。暗紫红色、紫红色、浅紫红色和粉色蝴蝶兰中都含有花青素和类黄酮,而且花青素是紫红色和粉色的主要呈色物质;黄绿色蝴蝶兰主要含有类黄酮和类胡萝卜素,含有少量的花青素;橙色蝴蝶兰含有花青素、类黄酮、类胡萝卜素,且类胡萝卜素是主要显色物质;白色蝴蝶兰主要呈色物质是类黄酮。s:To investigate the relationship between the phenotype and cell morphology,pigment distribution and content of different colors of Phalaenopsis aphrodite,in this experiment,different colors of Phalaenopsis aphrodite petals were used as experimental materials,and their colors were determined by spectrophotometer.The epidermal cell morphology,pigment distribution on the longitudinal structure and cytochrome content in the upper and lower epidermis of the petals were observed by hand slice,and the contents of anthocyanins,flavonoids and carotenoids in the petals were detected.The results showed that the apparent color of different colors of Phalaenopsis aphrodite petals was significantly different,with significant differences in L^(*)value,a^(*)value and b^(*)value.The largest L^(*)value was white,the largest a^(*)value was purple,and the largest b^(*)value was yellow-green.The epidermal cells of Phalaenopsis aphrodite petals were divided into 5 types:flat cells,dome cells,cone cells,mastoid cells and slender cone cells.The conicalization degree of the upper epidermis of the same variety was higher than that of the lower epidermis.Correlation analysis showed that the flower color phenotype had no significant correlation with the parameters of the epidermis cells.It was found that colored substances were mainly distributed in the upper epidermis,lower epidermis and palisade tissue,and a small amount was distributed in sponge tissue.There were certain differences in the distribution sites and cell layers of different varieties,and the color of the upper epidermis of the same variety was darker than that of the lower epidermis.The L^(*)value of Phalaenopsis aphrodite was negatively correlated with the content of anthocyanin,and the more pigment layers were distributed in the cells and the darker the color of the chromogens,the higher the content of anthocyanin was,the deeper the purplish red and the darker the color of the petals,and the yellow-blue b^(*)value was positively correlated with flavonoids and carotenoids.

关 键 词：蝴蝶兰 花色 表皮细胞形态 色素 呈色规律 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]