从语义量级到元语量级——“至少”几种用法的语义分析  

From Semantic Scale to Metalinguistic Scale:A Semantic Analysis of Different Usages of Zhishao至少

作　　者：罗琼鹏[1] LUO Qiongpeng

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,210023

出　　处：《汉语学报》2025年第1期39-48,共10页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“现代汉语语义融合研究”(编号:24BYY035)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：量级修饰语“至少”除了表示客观量的最低限度外,还具有认识情态用法和让步用法。文章采用基于代数结构的抽象量级模型,揭示了“至少”不同用法之间的内在逻辑联系。“至少”的各种用法都与抽象量级有关,对上限和下限有特定限制,它们的区别在于量级所作用的层面不同。“至少”从客观量修饰语发展为传递说话人立场与偏好的让步标记的过程,体现了量级概念从真值条件层面向元语层面的自然延伸。这一结论和“至少”的语法化、语义演变轨迹可以互相印证。文章为如何将形式语义学的分析工具与主观化、语法化等研究取向相结合,进一步深化对虚词语法本质的探索,提供了一种新的尝试。The scalar modifier zhishao至少is multifuntional besides expressing the minimum on an objective scale it has an epistemic modal use as well as a concessive one The paper adopts an abstract scalar model based on algebraic structure to unveil the inherent relationships among them All usages of zhishao associate with an abstract scale,imposing certain constraints on the MINIMUM and the MAXIMUM ends.The differences among them can be attributed to different domains,to which the scalar notion is applied.Evolving from an objective scalar modifier to a concessive marker expressing the speaker’s stance and preference,different usages of zhishao indicate the natural extension of the scalar notion from a truth-conditional level to a metalinguistic level.The present analysis can also be supported by the diachronic development of zhishao.The paper has provided us with a new way of combining the formal semantic tools with theories of subjectification and grammaticalization to deepen our understanding of the grammatical nature of scalar modifiers.

关 键 词：至少 认识情态 让步标记 量级性 元语量级 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]