论“自在”中华民族共同体的制度缘起  

On the Institutional Origins of the"De Facto"Chinese National Community

作　　者：杜文忠 李艳薇 Du Wenzhong;Li Yanwei(Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,610041,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学,四川成都610041

出　　处：《民族学刊》2024年第11期33-44,129,共13页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“历代治藏法律文献整理与研究”(19ZDA154);铸牢中华民族共同体意识与四川民族地区法治建设研究中心资助项目“化俗而治:清代边地的法治与社会秩序”(2023SPT20)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中华民族共同体的形成与中国古代的政治、文化制度密切相关。在“求同”文化思想的影响下,中国古代的祭会制度将祭祀祖先的“私”与祭祀天地的“公”相结合,超越了血缘关系的同时也超越了种族;“明堂王会”之法则是原有祭会制度的进一步发展,目的在于汇聚四方诸侯,通过共同的祭祀活动和朝会仪式增进不同民族之间的相互了解和团结,强化各民族对中央王朝的认同和归属感;“朝贡制度”往往是国家宣示“正统”的重要方式,彰显了“大一统”思想;“九经之序”不仅是中国古代治国理政的准则,也是中华民族共同体意识形成和发展的重要思想资源。中国古代从个人到国家再到天下的和谐秩序,与中华民族共同体意识中的多元一体、和谐共生的理念相一致,对于维护国家统一、促进民族团结、增强文化认同具有深远的影响,是中华民族共同体意识形成的重要思想基础。中国古代的社会制度先后经历了原始祭会制度、王会制度和朝贡制度,而中华民族共同体形成的政治基础正是源于以先秦时期的祭会制度、王会之法为基础的礼制,是建立在“软法”基础上的共同体秩序。The formation of the Chinese national community fully embodies the idea of"unity".The hexagram"Tongren""in I Ching(The Book of Change)strikingly demonstrates the significance of adhering to integrity,strengthening unity,pursuing harmony,and seeking common progress within a unified multi-ethnic community.It also reflects the pursuit of a harmonious society and the ideal of a world in great harmony within the culture of pre-Qin China.Based on the hexagrams of"Tongren"and"Dayou",it can be said that pre-Qin Chinese culture emphasized the importance of integrity,unity,harmony,and collective advancement within a diverse yet unified national context.These cultural values were pursued in various aspects of society,including sacrificial assemblies,warfare,inter-ethnic interactions,and cultural exchanges.Overall,pre-Qin Chinese culture can be characterized as a culture that"seeks common ground".This paper aims to explore the institutional origins of the Chinese national community during the pre-Qin period,analyzing the historical background,social structure,and cultural factors of its formation.It begins by examining the cultural genes of the Chinese national community from a historical perspective,revealing their evolution across different historical stages.Subsequently,it delves into the institutional foundations of the formation of the Chinese national community's during the pre-Qin period,including the primitive sacrificial assembly system,the Mingtang Royal Assembly system,and the tribute system of pre-Qin China.It reveals that the Chinese national community is not a group founded solely on family or familism,but rather it has transcended blood relations,surpassing the limitations of kinship,ethnicity,and geography,essentially following a trajectory from private to public and from public to the world at large.The pre-Qin Chinese sacrificial assembly system was aimed at"seeking common ground",marking the beginnings of the institutional and culculturaltraditions of the Chinese national community;the Mingtang Royal Assem

关 键 词：中华民族共同体 求同 明堂王会 九经之序 

分 类 号：C956[社会学—民族学]