现代社会个人权利与义务的平衡——对英国社会福利及老龄化问题的思考  

The Balance of Individual Rights and Obligations in Modern Society−Reflections on Social Welfare and Aging in the UK

作　　者：陈晓律 CHEN Xiaolv

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,南京210023

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2025年第1期4-16,M0003,共14页Economic and Social History Review

摘　　要：现代化创造的物质财富保障了老人的福利,但衣食无忧的人类却忽略了自身的天然义务,即社会责任。传统社会中的养儿防老,在人类社会的权利和义务之间保持着一种天然的平衡,人们在生产过程中完成人类自身的再生产;但现代福利制度剥离了人们生儿育女的天然义务,使人类生存逻辑丧失了人口再生产这一关键环节而无法完成闭环。显然,老龄化本质上是个现代化问题,最终转化为个人权利和社会责任的失衡。个人权利应该得到保护,社会续存也应该得到保护,如何平衡两者之间的关系,是一个国家现代化进程中必须破解的难题。The material wealth created by modernization has ensured the welfare of the elderly,but human beings who are well fed and clothed have neglected their natural obligations,i.e.social responsibilities.In traditional society,raising children to provide against old age maintains a natural balance between the rights and obligations of human society,and people complete their own reproduction in the process of production;however,the modern welfare system has stripped people of their natural obligation to bear children,so that the logic of human existence has lost the key link of population reproduction and is unable to complete the closed loop.It is clear that ageing is essentially a problem of modernization,which ultimately results in an imbalance between individual rights and social responsibilities.Individual rights should be protected,as should social continuity,and how to balance the two is a difficult problem that must be solved in a country’s modernization process.

关 键 词：权利 义务 社会福利 老龄化 人口再生产 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]