洗钱罪的争议问题  

Controversial Issues Regarding the Crime of Money Laundering

作　　者：张明楷[1] Zhang Mingkai

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2025年第1期16-32,共17页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：“为掩饰、隐瞒七种上游犯罪所得及其产生的收益的来源和性质”,不是目的犯的目的,只是洗钱罪的故意内容,故洗钱罪不是目的犯。上游犯罪所得及其收益的来源与性质,在既遂前就可以确定,因此,洗钱罪的成立不以上游犯罪既遂或实际控制财物为前提;同一行为人同时实施上游犯罪与洗钱罪时,成立想象竞合。适用特别法条以行为符合普通法条规定的犯罪成立条件为前提,由于自掩饰、自隐瞒不成立掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益罪,所以,自洗钱的行为不符合《刑法》第312条规定的犯罪成立条件,既然如此,就不能认为《刑法》第191条与第312条是法条竞合的特别关系;交叉关系并不是法条竞合的类型,一个行为同时触犯洗钱罪与掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益罪的,应按想象竞合处理。“To cover up or withhold the source or nature of what one knows is obtained from the seven kinds of upstream crimes or gains obtained through such crimes”, is not the purpose of the purpose crime,but the intentional content of the crime of money laundering, therefore, the crime of money laundering is not the purpose crime. The source or nature of the upstream criminal income or gains obtained through such crimes can be determined before the completion of relevant crimes, therefore, the establishment of the crime of money laundering is not based on the completion of upstream crimes or the actual control of involved property. When the same perpetrator commits upstream crimes and the crime of money laundering at the same time, the imaginary joinder of of fenses shall be established. The application of the special article is based on the premise that the act meets the conditions for establishment of the crime stipulated in the ordinary article.Since the act of self-concealing or self covering-up shall not establish the crime of covering-up or concealing the criminal income or gains obtained through such crimes, therefore, the act of money laundering of himself does not meet the conditions for establishment of the crime stipulated under Article 312 of the Criminal Law.In this case, Article 191 and Article 312 of the Criminal Law cannot be regarded as the special relation of concurrence of articles of law. Since the cross-correlation is not a type of concurrence of articles of law, if an act violates the crime of money laundering and the crime of covering-up or concealing criminal income or gains obtained through such crimes, it should be dealt with according to the imaginary joinder of of fenses.

关 键 词：洗钱罪 掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得罪 法条竞合 想象竞合 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]