《刑事诉讼法》再修改与涉案财物处理程序的完善  

Re-Amendment of the Criminal Procedure Law and Improvement of the Procedures for Handling Property Involved in Cases

作　　者：汪海燕[1] Wang Haiyan

机构地区：[1]安徽大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2025年第1期101-114,共14页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中华优秀传统法律文化与中国式法治现代化研究”(23&ZD169)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于程序正当性和财产权保护的要求,刑事诉讼立法理念应从“定罪—量刑”并重向“定罪—量刑—财物处理”并重转化,同时,还应重视案外人财产权利的保障。当下关于涉案财物处理的立法供给不足,实践中涉案财物处理“审前中心主义”较为突出,这不仅表现为涉案财物处理“查控决定主义”现象泛化,而且还表现为在审前有关机关可以对涉案财物直接作出处理,审判机关遗漏对涉案财物的处理或“照搬”审前意见,以及即使对涉案财物作出了裁判,但采取了回转“审前”处理的态度等。涉案财物处理的“审前中心主义”,不仅使得对涉案财物的实体性处置缺乏正当性,也违背了程序正义原则的基本要求。基于此,应当复归“审判中心主义”的诉讼构造。一方面,要加强对涉案财物审前处理的程序控制和制约监督,逐步建立检察机关审查制度并构建对涉案财物处理的听证程序;另一方面,还要优化涉案财物处理的审判程序,明确审理对象和对应的审理重点,形成“以相对独立为主,以完全独立为辅”的制度格局,畅通具有独立物权请求权的案外人有效参与涉案财物审判程序的渠道。Based on the requirements of due process and the protection of property rights,the concept of criminal procedure legislation should be transformed from“conviction-sentencing”to“convictionsentencing-property disposal”,and at the same time,attention should also be paid to the safeguarding of the property rights of outsiders.The current legislative supply on the handling of property involved in the case is not sufficient,resulting in the handling of property involved in the“pre-trial centrism”phenomenon is more prominent.This is not only manifested in the handling of property involved in the existence of“investigation and control of the decision-making”phenomenon of generalization,but also manifested in the fact that the relevant pre-trial organs can directly handle the property involved in cases and that the trial organs have omitted property involed in the cases or“copied”the pre-trail opinions,as well as the reversal of pre-trial attitudes even though the trial process has put forward opinions on the handling of property in the case.This makes the physical disposal of the property involved in the case unjustified and violates the basic requirements of the principle of procedural justice.Based on this,it should be returned to the“trial centrism”of the litigation structure.On the one hand,it is necessary to strengthen the procedural control and supervision of pre-trial handling of property involved in the case,and gradually have the procuratorial organs review and approve the investigation and control measures,and construct the hearing procedures for the handling of property involved in the case;on the other hand,it is also necessary to optimize the trial procedures for the handling of property involved in the case,to clearly define the objects of the trial and the corresponding trial priorities,and to form a system pattern that is“based on relative independence and supplemented by complete independence”,and open up channels for outsiders with independent rights of ownership to participa

关 键 词：刑事诉讼法 涉案财物 审前中心 审判中心 案外人 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]