清代西南边疆国家认同的建构  

National Identity Construction on the Southwestern Frontier during the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：郎玉屏[1] Lang Yuping(Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,610041,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学历史文化学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《民族学刊》2024年第10期66-77,153,共13页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“川藏茶马古道多民族交流中的共生经济文化研究(20230226)”;西南民族大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究中心项目“儒学教化与中华民族共同体意识的孕育——以清代西南边疆治理为视角”(ZLGTT20220108)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明清鼎革,清朝以少数民族身份入主中原,其首要目标是取得政权及统治的合法性与正当性,培养各民族对清代王朝国家的认同。是故,清初诸帝站在国家的层面上,用“大一统”的政治思想协调彼时的满汉、满蒙、满藏以及满族与其他众多民族的多民族关系,巩固“大一统”国家,培养各民族对清代王朝国家的认同。清朝“大一统”思想在西南边疆的政治实践先是施行改土归流的治边之策,实现政治上的一体化,继之大力推行儒学教化,整饬人心风俗,用儒家的教化思想和教化体制来塑造国家整体意识和构建国家认同。文章选取国家危难之时和边民之日常生活两个面向论述西南边疆的王朝国家认同,这也是西南边疆“中国”认同和“中华民族”自觉的政治文化基础。研究和揭示这一认同,对于今天铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有重要的时代价值。The Qing Dynasty,as an ethnic minority regime that supplanted the Ming Dynasty and entered the Central Plains,aimed to acquire legitimacy and orthodoxy in national governance and cultivate the identification of all ethnic groups with the Qing Dynasty.Therefore,the early Qing emperors used the political concept of“Dayitong”(Grand Unification)at the national level to manage multi-ethnic relations between Manchu,Han,and other ethnic peoples,to consolidate the“Dayitong”state and cultivate the sense of belonging to the Qing Dynasty.The“Grand Unification”ideology of the Qing Dynasty was implemented in the southwestern border region,commencing with the“Reform of theTusiSystem”(hereafter referred to as“the Reform”)to achieve political integration and subsequently using Confucian educational thought and systems to shape the national consciousness and build national identity.After the Reform,the Qing Dynasty strived to establish and implement a Confucian cultivation system on the southwestern frontier to rectify local customs and preserve national unity,aspiring to attain an ideal state of national peace and prosperity.At the imperial level,one of the main ways of Qing Emperors'cultivating the people was through the issuance of imperial decrees which became an institutionalized and systematic activity on the southwestern border.Another major approach to promoting Confucianism in this region was to set up a large number of prefectural and county-level Confucian schools by localT offiicials.The Qing government also encouragedusand ordinary ethnic individuals to participate in imperial examinations by instituting a preferential policy system for southwestern ethnicities.Finally,a set of unique Confucianism cultivation ideological systems was formed in the southwestern frontier areas during the Qing Dynasty,permeating every aspect of the southwestern frontier society,and serving as an important means for forging cultural unity between the southwestern frontier and the Central Plains.Generally speaking,the e

关 键 词：清代 西南边疆 国家认同 儒学教化 国家建构 

分 类 号：C956[社会学—民族学]