2018—2022年新疆生产建设兵团农村营养改善学校供餐情况及学生营养状况分析  

Analysis of school meals and students'nutritional status in rural nutrition improvement areas of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：陈慧 王芝梦 余敏 苗姗姗 CHEN Hui;WANG Zhimeng;YU Min;MIAO Shanshan(Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,China;School of Public Health,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团疾病预防控制中心,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2025年第1期40-45,50,共7页Occupational Health and Damage

基　　金：兵团重点贫困地区学生营养状况及相关影响因素调查研究(项目编号:BTCDCKY202205)

摘　　要：目的了解新疆生产建设兵团农村营养改善计划实施地区学校供餐情况以及学生营养状况,为提高营养改善计划开展效果提供参考依据。方法在新疆生产建设兵团开展营养改善计划地区,采取问卷调查法获取2018—2022年初中、小学学校供餐情况,并采用分层随机整群抽样的方法在小学、初中各年级抽取1个班监测学生的身高和体重并进行营养状况评估。运用秩和检验和χ^(2)检验进行数据分析,检验水准为α=0.05。结果2018年学校食堂供应早餐、午餐和晚餐的比例分别为89.8%、87.3%和69.5%。2022年学校食堂供应3餐的比例分别为63.9%、100.0%和63.9%。2018年生产迟缓、消瘦、正常、超重、肥胖检出率分别为2.0%、7.4%、74.5%、9.7%和6.4%。2022年生产迟缓、消瘦、正常、超重和肥胖检出率分别为6.8%、10.9%、66.2%、10.0%和6.9%。2022年营养正常的学生占比66.2%,相对于2018年下降了8.3%,2021年超重和肥胖检出率最高(11.9%和9.0%)。2018—2022年学生的生长迟缓和消瘦率总体呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(Z=613.37,P均<0.05)。2018-—2022年男生超重、肥胖、生长迟缓和消瘦检出率均高于女生,差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。2018—2022年小学生的超重和肥胖均检出率高于初中生,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论新疆生产建设兵团学校供餐以午餐为主,学生营养不良有上升趋势,且同时存在超重肥胖的问题。重点关注男生营养状况以及小学生的超重肥胖情况。Objective To understand the situation of school meals and students′nutritional status in the areas where Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps implemented the rural nutrition improvement plan,and to provide reference for improving the effect of nutrition improvement plan.Methods In the areas where Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps carried out the nutrition improvement plan,the school meals of middle and primary schools from 2018 to 2022 were obtained by a questionnaire survey and a class was selected in each grade of primary school and middle school by cluster sampling method to monitor the height and weight of students and assess their nutritional status.The rank sum test andχ^(2) test were used to analyze the data,and the test level wasα=0.05.Results In 2018,the proportions of breakfast,lunch and dinner served in school canteens were 89.8%,87.3%and 69.5%,respectively.While in 2022,the proportions of school canteens serving three meals were 63.9%,100.0%and 63.9%,respectively.In 2018,the detection rates of slow delivery,emaciation,normality,overweight and obesity were 2.0%,7.4%,74.5%,9.7%and 6.4%,respectively.In 2022,the detection rates of slow delivery,emaciation,normality,overweight and obesity were 6.8%,10.9%,66.2%,10.0%and 6.9%,respectively.In 2022,the proportion of students with normal nutrition was 66.2%,which was 8.3%lower than that in 2018.In 2021,the detection rates of overweight and obesity were the highest(11.9%and 9.0%).From 2018 to 2012,the growth retardation and emaciation rate of students showed an overall upward trend,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=613.37,P<0.05).From 2018 to 2022,the detection rates of overweight,obesity,growth retardation and emaciation of boys were higher than those of girls,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).From 2018 to 2022,the detection rates of overweight and obesity in primary school students were higher than those in junior high school students,and the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.05).C

关 键 词：新疆生产建设兵团 营养政策 中小学生 学校供餐 营养状况 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]