“爱V不V”类紧缩形式句法简化的韵律特征和语体机制  

The Syntactic Simplification of“Ai V Bu V”and its Relevant Contracted Forms:Their Prosodic Features and Register Mechanism

作　　者：杨卉婷 冯胜利(指导) Yang Huiting(School of Liberal Arts,Nanjing University)

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院 [2]不详

出　　处：《韵律语法研究》2023年第1期75-101,共27页Studies in Prosodic Grammar

摘　　要：现代汉语中由双重紧缩句固定下来的“爱V不V”类紧缩形式只能出现在非正式的口语体中。本文提出,制约“爱V不V”类紧缩形式语体分布的是“形式—功能对应律”的语体原理和语距调节的语体机制,且该类形式的生成是一个句法简化的过程。就形式—功能的对应而言,我们通过实验验证了该类形式的重音格式—单核心引申义的该类紧缩形式的重音格式符合悬差律,音律结构上对应俗谐轻佻的含意;结合语距调节机制,通过穷尽分析语体四个要素分布,我们发现“态度”在该类形式的语体四个要素中占据主导地位。句法简化过程经历了关联两句、主从句简化并去语调、词简化、在“一句一调”规则下去中间句调四个步骤。该类形式要求:不论是单音节还是双音节,必须嵌入口语体动词(单音动词重叠式除外)。本文从韵律句法的VP、TP、CP三个层级结构上丰富了对韵律、语体与句法关系的认识,指出了紧缩句句法简化的过程和一类固定紧缩形式对嵌入的动词的语体要求,以期对进一步研究紧缩句的紧缩机制有所启发。The contracted form“ai V bu V”and its relevant forms,which are fixed from doubly contracted sentences in modern Chinese,are only seen in informal and colloquial contexts.And we can find some minimal pairs as shown below:(1)a.ai kan bu kan-*ai guankan bu guankan like look not look-*like watch not watch Have a look if you like so.And if you don’t like,then forget it.ai xue bu xue-?ai xuexi bu xuexi like study not study-?like learn not learn Study if you like so.And if you don’t like,then forget it.b.ai li bu li-ai dali bu dali like answer not answer-like answer not answer Answer it if you like so.And if you don’t like,then forget it.ai hui bu hui–ai huilai bu huilai like go back not go back–like come back not come back Go/Come back if you like so.And if you don’t like,then forget it./ai huiqu bu huiqu/like go back not go back Go back if you like so.And if you don’t like,then forget it.c.ai kan bu kan-*ai kankan bu kankan like look not look-*like have a look not have a look Look at it if you like so.And if you don’t like,then forget it.–*Have a look if you like so.And if you don’t like,then forget it.–ai shuo bu shuo-*ai shuoshuo bu shuoshuo like say not say-*like say a little bit not say a little bit Say something if you like so.And if you don’t like,then forget it.–*Say a little bit if you like so.And if you don’t like,then forget it.d.ai nian bu nian–ai nianshu bu nian(shu)like attend school not attend school–like attend school not attend school Attend school if you like so.And if you don’t like,then forget it.We propose that the principle of“Form(prosodic features)-function(register features)Correspondence Principle”and the mechanism of communicative distance adjustment restrict the register distributions of these forms.They are derived by syntactic simplification,undergoing four steps:connecting the two sentences,simplifying the main and subordinate clauses and deleting the phrasal intonation(yudiao),simplifying the words,and at last deleting the mid sentential intonati

关 键 词：爱V不V 紧缩句 口语体 语体语法 形式—功能对应律 一句一调 四字格 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]