国Ⅵ增程式天然气重型客车实际道路排放特性  

The real road emission characteristics of China VI extended-range natural gas heavy buses

作　　者：仇滔[1] 赵亚坤 郭冬冬 雷艳[1] 杨江龙 陈则旬 QIU Tao;ZHAO Ya-kun;GUO Dong-dong;LEI Yan;YANG Jang-long;CHEN Zen-xun(Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Beijing Vehicle Emissions Management Center,Beijing 100176,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学环境与生命学部,北京100124 [2]北京市机动车排放管理事务中心,北京100176

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2023年第S1期55-61,共7页China Environmental Science

摘　　要：采用便携式排放测试系统对一辆国Ⅵ增程式天然气重型客车开展实际道路的排放测试与分析,利用排放因子法与行程平均法分析整车排放,结果表明,实验车辆的CO、THC和NO_(x)的比排放值为673.19,169.7,53.23mg/(kW·h),相当于国Ⅵ限值的11.2%、22.63%和7.72%,该增程式客车整车排放显著低于国Ⅵ排放限值,也优于传统天然气客车排放水平,这是由于行驶过程中发动机维持在恒定转速运行,规避了频繁启停和动态运行;增程式天然气客车启动阶段的各项气体污染物的比排放值相比其他阶段较高,这是由于启动阶段发动机冷却液较低加之需要提高转速快速加热后处理装置,导致冷起动阶段气体污染物瞬态排放较高;车辆行驶阶段中CO、NO_(x)的排放相对峰值在动态工况,而THC的排放集中在车辆稳态工况;动态工况下CO、NO_(x)和THC的瞬时排放速率与CO_(2)变化率有一定的正相关趋势.This paper conducted the real road emission test of a China VI extended-range natural gas(NG)hybrid heavy bus by using the PEMS(Portable Emission Test System),and analysed the vehicle emission characteristics based on both the emission factor and the distance average method.The specific emissions of CO,THC,and NO_(x) of the experimental vehicle were 673.19mg/(kW·h),169.7mg/(kW·h),and 53.23mg/(kW·h),which were equivalent to 11.2%,22.63%,and 7.72%of the China-VI limit values.The results showed that the emissions of the extended-range bus were significantly lower than the China-VI emission limit,and also better than those of traditional natural gas buses.This was because the NG engine maintained running at a constant speed during driving,avoiding frequent start-stop and dynamic operation conditions.The extended-range NG bus emissions were relatively higher during cold starting.During cold starting stage,the engine coolant temperature was relatively low and the engine sharply speeds up to quickly heat the aftertreatment device resulting in high transient gas pollutants,thus the specific emission value of each gas pollutant of the starting stage was higher than that of other stages.The relative peak emissions of CO and NO_(x) in the vehicle driving stage were in dynamic working conditions,while the emissions of THC were concentrated in the steady-state working conditions of vehicles.The instantaneous emission rates of CO,NO_(x) and THC under dynamic working conditions had a certain positive correlation trend with the CO_(2) change rate.

关 键 词：实际道路测试(RDE) 增程式天然气客车 混合动力车辆 排放特性 大气污染物 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]