2018~2022年北京市施工裸地扬尘排放估算  

Estimation of fugitive dust emission from construction bare land in Beijing from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：邱昀 李金香 张立坤 李令军 鹿海峰 姜磊 QIU Yun;LI Jin-xiang;ZHANG Li-kun;LI Ling-jun;LU Hai-feng;JIANG Lei(Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center,Beijing 100048,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particulate Monitoring Technology,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市生态环境监测中心,北京100048 [2]大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2023年第S1期62-69,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2021YFC1809000)

摘　　要：在原有利用遥感影像获取施工裸地活动水平的基础上,提出了利用遥感数据获取裸地管控率参数的遥感解译方法,建立了基于遥感数据的施工裸地扬尘排放估算方法,并应用于2018~2022年北京市施工裸地扬尘污染排放估算中,分析了施工扬尘排放变化原因以及影响因素的时空分布特征.结果显示,2018~2022年北京市施工裸地扬尘排放呈下降趋势,由37000t下降至27000t左右.其中2019~2020年施工裸地扬尘排放下降最多,下降了30%.每年春季为施工裸地扬尘排放高值时段,排放水平明显高于其他月份.施工裸地TSP排放季度均值呈现春季>冬季>夏季>秋季的特征.2018年施工裸地扬尘排放处于高位,主要是由于施工裸地面积较大,裸地管控政策刚起步,全市裸地管控率处于较低水平.2018年施工裸地主要以拆迁平整阶段裸地为主,主要分布在东南和部分西南部城乡结合部地区,源于“疏解整治促提升”专项行动以及棚户区改造和环境整治工作的开展.其次来自于建设类裸地,如通州城市副中心建设区域、延庆世博园建设区域和大兴机场建设区域.2018年7月至2022年6月北京市施工裸地扬尘排放整体呈下降趋势主要有3个重原因:一是停工期间的建设工程加强了对裸露土方的覆盖.二是对由于疏解整治形成的拆迁裸地开展了生态绿化.三是施工工地面积大幅减少.主要为大型工程逐步建设完工,加之受疫情影响,2020年以后施工工地整体体量增长幅度不大.2018年7月~2022年6月期间施用管控措施后减排效率成逐月增长趋势,减排率在12%~17%之间波动增长.施用管控措施对施工扬尘管控具有一定的效果,因此在空气质量重点管控时期,可利用遥感手段实现对扬尘源的精准管控,加强对施工裸地管控措施落实情况的排查.A method was established to obtain the parameters of bare land control rate and estimate construction bare land dust emission by using remote sensing data.The method was applied to the estimation of construction bare land dust pollution emission in Beijing from 2018 to 2022,and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and formation causes were analyzed.The results show that the dust emission from construction bare land in Beijing was declining from more than 37000 tons to about 27000 tons from 2018 to 2022.The emission of construction dust decreased the most from 2019 to 2020,by 30%.Spring was the high-value period of fugitive dust emission from construction bare land,and the quarterly mean value of TSP emission from construction bare land was characterized by spring>winter>summer>autumn.The high level of dust emission in 2018was mainly due to the large area of construction bare land and the low bare land control rate at the early time of policy implementation.The main type of construction bare land came from demolition,which was mainly distributed in the southeast and part of urban and rural areas in the southwest,originating from the special action of"relieving,regulating,and promoting improvement"and the implementation of shantytown reconstruction and environmental improvement.The other part of construction bare land came from construction,such as Tongzhou sub-center construction area,Yanqing World Expo Park construction area,and Daxing Airport construction area.From July 2018 to June 2022,the overall downward trend of fugitive dust emissions from construction bare land in Beijing was mainly due to three reasons.First,during the shutdown period,the construction projects strengthened the coverage of bare land.Second,demolition bare land formed by dredging and regulation was transformed into ecological green land.Third,the area of the construction site was greatly reduced,mainly due to the completion of large-scale projects.In addition,affected by the epidemic situation,the overall volume of the con

关 键 词：施工裸地 高分辨率遥感影像 裸地管控率 扬尘排放 精准管控 

分 类 号：X799.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]