我国商事仲裁裁决撤销制度的实践问题与完善建议——基于11114份裁判文书的实证研究  

作　　者：宋奕辰 

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院

出　　处：《商事仲裁与调解》2024年第6期75-92,共18页Commercial Arbitration & Mediation

摘　　要：从我国仲裁司法审查制度的发展来看,实务界与学界一直在寻求仲裁与诉讼的有机衔接,以期保证仲裁当事人双方救济权利的同时,力求将对仲裁的干预减到最小。2024年11月,《仲裁法(修订草案)》出台,其中2021年《仲裁法(修订)(征求意见稿)》中关于裁决撤销制度的诸多修改内容未在《仲裁法(修订草案)》中保留,表明我国裁决撤销制度问题仍存在较大争议,需要进一步研究。对11114份申请撤销仲裁裁决案件的民事裁判文书的研究显示,我国仲裁裁决撤销制度在实践中存在价值理念不清、认同不足,审查范围规范模糊、司法实践与法律规定割裂,审查标准模糊等问题。建议从厘清仲裁的理论开始,明确仲裁的独立法律地位,加强仲裁当事人、司法机关以及社会各界对仲裁理念的认识和认同。具体制度方面,建议明确并轨制下的程序性审查原则,完善司法审查标准,增加恶意适用司法审查的规制条款,并通过完善仲裁内部监督制度回应当事人对实体公正的需要,保障我国仲裁制度行稳致远。From the perspective of the development of China’s judicial review system for arbitration,the practical and academic circles have been seeking an organic connection between arbitration and litigation,in order to ensure the relief rights of both parties to arbitration while minimizing interference with arbitration.In November 2024,the Arbitration Law(Revised Draft)was introduced,in which many amendments to the system of revoking awards in the Arbitration Law(Draft for Comments)of 2021 were not retained in the Revised Draft,indicating that there are still major controversies in the system of revoking awards in China and further research is needed.A study of 11,114 civil judgment documents for cases of revoking arbitration awards shows that there are problems in the revocation system of arbitration awards in China,such as unclear value concepts,insufficient recognition,vague scope of review,fragmentation between judicial practice and law,and vague review standards.It is suggested to start with clarifying the theory of arbitration,defining the independent legal status of arbitration,and strengthening the understanding and recognition of the arbitration concept among the parties to arbitration,judicial authorities,and all sectors of society.In terms of specific systems,it is suggested to clarify the procedural review principles under the merger system,improve the standards of judicial review,add regulations on malicious application of judicial review,and respond to the needs of the parties for substantive justice by improving the internal supervision system of arbitration,so as to ensure the stable and long-term development of China’s arbitration system.

关 键 词：国内商事仲裁 裁决撤销事由 仲裁司法审查 实证研究 

分 类 号：D925.7[政治法律—诉讼法学]