论行政犯是刑罚化的行政违法行为——兼论行政犯的处罚本质与刑罚必要性  

On Administrative Offenses as Criminalized Administrative Violations:A Discussion on the Nature of Punishment for Administrative Offenses and the Necessity of Criminal Penalties

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作  者:董文哲[1,2] DONG Wenzhe(College of Criminal Justice,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088; Department of Law,Criminal Investigation Police University of China,Shenyang Liaoning 110854)

机构地区:[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088 [2]中国刑事警察学院法律教研部,辽宁沈阳110854

出  处:《中国刑警学院学报》2024年第6期46-55,共10页Journal of Criminal Investigation Police University of China

基  金:2023年度辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目(编号:L23BSH004);2020年度辽宁省社会科学规划基金青年项目(编号:L20CFX002);2019年度中央高校基本科研业务费青年教师科研计划项目(编号:3242019032);2023年度中国刑事警察学院公安学科基础理论研究创新计划项目子课题(编号:2022XKGA0105)

摘  要:行政犯的本质是行政违法行为,行政犯与行政违法行为的区别在于违法程度的不同。行政违法行为入罪化不是因为此类行为具有天然的应受刑罚处罚性,而是因为立法者选择把刑罚作为制裁行政违法行为的一种手段。行政犯的本质是对法定利益的衡量,而非伦理道德评价。对于行政犯的司法认定应当采取限制的立场,片面地考虑行政犯的应罚性,而忽视刑事政策上需罚性的考量,会得出合法却不合理的有罪结论。应当在具备应罚性的前提之下,考察行政犯的刑罚必要性,将需罚性纳入行政犯的评价体系。The essence of an administrative offense lies in its administrative illegality,with the distinction between an administrative offense and an administrative illegal act being the degree of illegality involved.The criminalization of administrative violations does not arise from an inherent punitive nature of such behavior;rather,it results from legislators’decision to impose penalties as a sanction.The core principle of administrative offenses is to strike a balance between benefits,rather than to serve as a basis for ethical or moral judgments.Judicial determinations regarding administrative offenses should adopt a restrictive approach.Focusing solely on the culpability of administrative offenses while neglecting the necessity of punishment can lead to legally sound but unreasonable guilty verdicts.Thus,the necessity of punishment for administrative offenses should be evaluated in light of their punishability,and the punitive nature should be integrated into the evaluation framework for administrative offenses.

关 键 词:行政犯 行政违法性 利益衡量 需罚性 

分 类 号:D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]

 

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