唐五代禪僧指謁授法行爲的流變  

The Evolution of the Behavior of Zhi Ye by Tang and Five Dynasties Zen Monks in the Indication of Dharma

作　　者：林凡 Lin Fan

机构地区：[1]四川大學文學與新聞學院

出　　处：《中国俗文化研究》2024年第1期122-139,共18页Studies on Folk Literature

摘　　要：指謁即禪師指示弟子去參謁他師,這是禪宗較爲獨特的一種授法模式。本文大致闡明其四個方面的特徵:首先,指謁話語具有明顯的預言性質,這和佛本生故事及《華嚴經》善財童子故事密切相關,其直接影響了禪宗傳法行爲的生成;其次,指謁者的身份變化隱藏着禪史作者的傾向性,其呈現出唐五代禪宗從外部的宗教競争轉向内部的南北競争和宗派競争,最後演變爲禪宗内部合作互動的過程,這是禪師指謁傳法的根本動力;再次,指謁話語及由其演變而來的指問、指答對各參與者呈現出不同的闡釋效果,其所傳達的勘驗和評價是禪林互動交際的重要體現,而書信模式和代别模式亦爲後世禪林所仿效;最後,指謁行爲的流變和地域因素息息相關,伴隨著禪宗的發展這種傳法行爲最終走向衰落。與此同時,其却在中土士林和東亞漢文化圈的禪史建構中産生了一定回響。Zhi Ye refers to the Zen master instructing disciples to visit other masters,which is a unique teaching method in Zen.This article roughly elucidates four aspects of its characteristics:Firstly,the discourse of Zhi Ye carries a distinct prophetic nature,closely related to Buddhist Jataka tales and the story of Sudhana in the Avatamsaka Sutra,which directly influences the generation of Zen Buddhist teaching behaviors.Secondly,the changing identity of the Zhi Ye conceals the biases of Zen historical authors,reflecting the shift from externalreligious competition during the Tang to Five Dynasties period to internal north-south competition and sectarian competition,ultimately evolving into a process of cooperation and interaction within the Zen community,which is the fundamental driving force behind Zen masters'teaching through Zhi Ye.Thirdly,the discourse of Zhi Ye and the subsequent development of questioning and answering present different interpretive effects for each participant,conveying critical examination and evaluation,which are important manifestations of interaction within the Zen community,also emulated by later generations of the Zen community through letter-writing and Dai Bie.Lastly,the evolution of Zhi Ye behavior is closely related to geographical factors,and with the development of Zen,this teaching behavior eventually declined.However,it has still resonated within the construction of Zen history in the Chinese scholars and East Asian cultural spheres.

关 键 词：禪宗史 指謁 行脚 華嚴經 善財童子 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学] K243.1[历史地理—中国史] B946.5[哲学宗教—宗教学]