兵家、神仙家、道家——唐代《陰符經》闡釋三派考論  

Research on the Three Schools of Interpretation of Yinfu Jing in the Tang Dynasty

作　　者：陳哲群 Chen Zhequn

机构地区：[1]南京大學文學院

出　　处：《中国俗文化研究》2024年第1期110-121,共12页Studies on Folk Literature

摘　　要：《陰符經》經文晦澀,唐代注疏家往往根據自身的知識與信仰發表見解,其闡釋分化爲三派。第一爲兵家,有李靖《陰符機》《集注陰符經》《天機經》三種,注重討論治國用兵的準則,稱書中奥秘爲“天機”;第二爲神仙家,有房山長、杜光庭、李筌三家,闡釋者認爲《陰符經》包含修真、治國、用兵的原理,並將其具體解釋爲陰陽五行;第三爲道家,以張果注本爲代表,其雖以《陰符經》爲道經,但不滿於神仙家的實用傾向,而致力於追求終極大道,宣揚老莊清静無爲的教義。今《陰符經》唐代注疏均爲道教之名所掩,然細究文獻記載、詳考思想闡述,尚能還原其原初屬性,尤其體現出在經書闡釋的歷史進程中意義生成之多變與複雜。Due to the complexity of the scripture and the diversity of the legends about the Yellow Emperor,the commentators of the YinFu Jing in the Tang Dynasty expressed their opinions according to their knowledge and beliefs,and their interpretations can be divided into three schools.The first is the Art of War,which includes Li Jing's Yin Fu Ji,Ji Zhu Yin Fu Jing,and Tian Ji Jing.They focused on discussing the principles of governing the country and using military force,and called the mysteries in the book“Tian Ji”;The second is the school of Immortals,which includes three Taoist priests:Fang Shanchang,Du Guangting,and Li Quan.The interpreters believed that the Yin Fu Jing contains principles of cultivation,governance,and military,and specifically explained it as the Yin Yang Five Elements;The third is the Daoist school,represented by the annotated version of Zhang Guo.Although he regarded the Yin Fu Jing as one of the Daoist scriptures,Zhang Guo was dissatisfied with the practical tendency of the immortal school,instead dedicated to pursuing the ultimate Tao,paying attention to promoting the doctrine of quiet inaction recorded in Laozi and Zhuangzi.The Tang Dynasty commentaries on Yin Fu Jing have been all covered up by the title of Taoism.However,upon careful examination of literary records and ideological explanations,their original attributes can still be restored,especially reflecting the variety and complexity of their significance in the historical process of interpreting the scripture,

关 键 词：《陰符經》 注疏 兵法 神仙 道家 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学] B223[历史地理—中国史] E892[哲学宗教—中国哲学]