铅锌冶炼区乡土观赏木本植物重金属积累特征  

Accumulation Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Native Ornamental Woody Plants in Lead-zinc Smelting Area

作　　者：普万琴 尹仕丹 李博[1] 王豹 夏运生[1] PU Wanqin;YIN Shidan;LI Bo;WANG Bao;XIA Yunsheng(College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第S2期192-200,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41967024)

摘　　要：为实现简单易行、经济有效、环境友好地修复重金属污染土壤,需要筛选出铅锌污染修复能力突出的观赏木本植物。文章通过野外实地调查,采集云南某铅锌冶炼区15种乡土观赏木本植物样品和对应根部土壤样品,通过测定植物和土壤中镉、铅、锌含量,分析根部土壤的污染状况及重金属在植物体内的富集、转移特征,综合评估植物的修复潜力。结果表明:植物根部土壤重金属超标量依次为镉>铅>锌,大部分植物已受到严重的镉、铅、锌污染。土壤中镉和锌的赋存形态以弱酸可提取态为主,铅以弱酸可提取态和可还原态为主,重金属在植物根部土壤中的重金属潜在迁移指数为镉(0.41~0.79)>锌(0.24~0.74)>铅(0.01~0.68)。15种观赏木本植物中,除大部分植物对镉、铅、锌的富集系数低于0.1外,女贞对镉、锌富集系数较高,分别为0.451、0.486,夹竹桃对铅富集系数为0.622。对镉、铅、锌转移系数较高的植物分别是垂丝海棠(7.19)、夹竹桃(23.61)、杜鹃(6.73)。女贞、杜鹃和夹竹桃对镉、铅、锌复合污染土壤的修复能力突出,其余植物也能够很好地适应生长环境,对重金属污染土壤具有一定的修复能力。In order to achieve simple,economical and environmentally friendly remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil,it is necessary to screen out ornamental woody plants with outstanding remediation ability of lead and zinc pollution.Through field investigation,15 local ornamental woody plant samples and corresponding root soil samples were collected in a lead-zinc smelting area in Yunnan.By measuring the contents of cadmium,lead and zinc in plants and soil,the pollution status of root soil and the characteristics of enrichment and transfer of heavy metals in plants are analyzed,and the remediation potential of plants is comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that the excessive amount of heavy metals in the soil of plant roots is cadmium>lead>zinc,and most plants have been seriously polluted by cadmium,lead and zinc.The main forms of cadmium and zinc in soil are acid soluble(AS),and Lead is AS and reducible.The potential mobile index of heavy metals in plant root soil is cadmium(0.41~0.79)>zinc(0.24~0.74)>lead(0.01~0.68).Among the 15 ornamental woody plants,the bioconcentration factor of most plants for cadmium,lead and zinc are lower than 0.1,among which the bioconcentration factor of Ligustrum lucidum for cadmium and zinc are higher,0.451 and 0.486 respectively.And the bioconcentration factor of Nerium indicum Mill for lead is 0.622.The plants with higher translocation factor to cadmium,lead and zinc are Malus halliana Koehne(7.19),Nerium indicum Mill(23.61)and Rhododendron simsii Planch(6.73).Among the 15 woody plants,Ligustrum lucidum,Rhododendron simsii Planch and Nerium indicum Mill have outstanding remediation ability to the soil polluted by cadmium,lead and zinc,while the other plants can adapt to the growing environment well and have certain remediation ability to the soil polluted by heavy metals.

关 键 词：铅锌冶炼区 重金属 观赏木本植物 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53