未必故意——评普珀的学说  

On Dolus Eventualis——Comment on Puppe's Theory

作　　者： 王志坤(译) Günther Jakobs;Wang Zhikun

机构地区：[1]德国波恩大学 [2]北京市人民检察院法律政策研究室

出　　处：《刑法论丛》2023年第1期299-312,共14页Criminal Law Review

摘　　要：针对德国波恩大学教授英格博格·普珀提出的故意危险学说,作为其同事的京特·雅各布斯教授同意判断是否存在故意危险,并不取决于行为人没有根据地祈求好的结果或高估自己的能力,或者某个无法得到社会认可的看法,也就是说,并不取决于行为人自己怎么看,而是应立足于沟通的面向,按照社会所认可的准则判断行为是否会招致危险的发生。如果行为人对于构成要件结果的发生做出了错误的判断,则仍然要回到其(客观的)认识的可能性上,来审视这个错误是否足以阻却故意。雅各布斯教授不同意将行为人心理的认知要素纳入故意的判断之中,坚持认为只要采取规范化的判断方法,就必须根据行动者的人格体的社会意义来判断,并摒弃行为人那些非理性的因素;基于社会的规范判断,社会日常所允许或必须忍受的风险就排除了故意的归属。In response to intentional danger theory(Vorsatzgefahr)proposed by Professor Ingeborg Puppe of the University of Bonn,Germany,his colleague Professor Günther Jacobs agrees that the determination of intentional danger does not depend on the actor's unfounded attempts to achieve a good result or overestimation of his own abilities,or on a certain view that is not socially acceptable,i.e.it does not depend on the actor's own view,but rather on the communicative orientation of the judgment of whether or not the behavior would entail danger according to socially acceptable norms.It is not up to the perpetrator to decide whether or not the act causes danger,but in accordance with socially accepted norms.If the actor makes an error in judgment about the occurrence of the crime-constitutive result,it is still necessary to go back to his(objective)perception of probability to examine whether this error is sufficient to thwart criminal intent.Professor Jakobs disagrees with the inclusion of the psychological elements of the actors in the judgment of criminal intent,instead insisting that,as long as a normative approach to judgment is taken,it must be judged in light of the social significance of the acting person and reject those elements of the actor's irrationality;based on the normative judgments of the society,the risks that the society permits or has to tolerate on a day-to-day basis precludes the attribution of criminal intent.

关 键 词：未必故意 间接故意 故意危险 意图 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]