癌症精准治疗中的合成致死互作研究  

Synthetic lethality in precision therapies for cancers

作　　者：陈佳豪 黄玉娥 汪泉 姜伟 CHEN Jiahao;HUANG Yu-e;WANG Quan;JIANG Wei(College of Automation Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China;Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer,the First Affiliated Hospital,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350005,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学自动化学院,南京211106 [2]福建医科大学附属第一医院,福建省肿瘤精准诊疗重点实验室,福州350005

出　　处：《生物信息学》2025年第1期28-39,共12页Chinese Journal of Bioinformatics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.62172213,61872183)

摘　　要：癌症精准治疗作为当今抗癌研究的前沿,通过深入挖掘癌症的临床病理和分子特征,为患者提供个体化治疗策略。相对于传统治疗方法,癌症精准治疗极大地提高了治疗的成功率。然而,在临床实践中,精准治疗尚处于早期阶段,如何高效地为患者制定个性化治疗方案仍然是一个挑战。合成致死作为一种基因遗传互作,是指当两个基因同时失活时细胞会死亡,而这两个基因单独失活时对细胞存活无显著影响。基于合成致死互作原理,研究人员能够高效整合不同组学数据,进行药效预测、药物重定位以及联合用药预测分析,从而为患者提供有效的治疗策略,为癌症精准治疗注入了新的活力。鉴于合成致死在精准治疗中的巨大潜力,本文全面总结了合成致死相关的数据资源和识别方法,探讨了合成致死在癌症精准治疗中的实际应用以及所面临的问题和挑战,并展望了未来的研究方向。At the forefront of contemporary anti-cancer research,precision therapy provides personalized treatment strategies by thoroughly mining the clinical pathology and molecular characteristics of cancer.Compared to conventional therapeutics,precision therapy significantly improves the success rate of cancer treatment.However,in clinical practice,precision therapy is still in its infancy,and efficiently designing personalized treatment plans for patients remains a challenge.Synthetic lethality,as a kind of genetic interaction,refers to the phenomenon that cell death occurs only when two specific genes are simultaneously inactivated,while individual inactivation of these genes has no significant impact on cell survival.Based on the principle of synthetic lethality,researchers can effectively integrate various omics data to predict drug efficacy,and to study drug repositioning and combination,all of which can provide effective treatment strategies for patients.Given the immense potential of synthetic lethality in precision therapy,in this review we comprehensively summarized data resources and methodologies pertaining to synthetic lethality,and deliberated upon both the applicability and the challenges of synthetic lethality in cancer precision therapy.We also discussed the insightful perspectives on this topic.

关 键 词：合成致死 癌症 精准治疗 靶向治疗 药物药效 

分 类 号：R979.1[医药卫生—药品]