“已经”的多功能性及其跨语言语义图  

Multifunctionality of“Yijing”in Mandarin and Cross-Linguistic Semantic Mapping

作　　者：金立鑫 祁嘉耀 JIN Li-xin;QI Jiɑ-yɑo(Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116;Technological University of the Mixteca,Mexico)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学语言科学与艺术学院,徐州221116 [2]墨西哥米斯特卡科技大学,墨西哥

出　　处：《汉语学习》2025年第1期3-12,共10页Chinese Language Learning

摘　　要：本文在前人研究的基础上进一步描写普通话副词“已经”的句法分布,得到的结论是,“已经”至少具有三个语义表达功能:(1)表示对已然事件的确定;(2)表示说话人对听话人的话语预设的否定;(3)表达“已然体/实现体”范畴。文章最后梳理了15种语言对应“已经”词汇意义的多功能义项,在此基础上构拟了“已经”的小样本跨语言语义概念空间,从中可以看到不同语言表达“已经”的词在该语义空间上不同的语义功能分布。Building upon previous research,this paper presents a deeper analysis of the syntactic distribution of the adverb“yijing”in Mandarin.The study concludes that“yijing”primarily possesses three semantic functions:(1)expressing confirmation of an already occurred event;(2)indicating the speaker’s negation of a presupposition in the hearer’s utterance;and(3)expressing the grammatical category of“realized aspect/perfect aspect”.Furthermore,the paper compiles the multifunctional senses of words in 15 languages that semantically correspond to“yijing”.Based on this compilation,it constructs a cross-linguistic semantic concept space for“yijing”.Within this space,one can observe varying distributions of words that correspond to“yijing”in different languages,reflecting their distinct semantic functions.

关 键 词：“已经” 语义功能 跨语言研究 语义概念空间 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]