高孤独特质小学生的认知共情和情感共情特点  

Characteristics of cognitive empathy and affective empathy in pupils with high levels of autistic traits

作　　者：乐贝林 高言 谢有洪 王毅[1,2] 陈楚侨 LE Beilin;GAO Yan;XIE Youhong;WANG Yi;CHAN Raymond CK(Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shima Primary School in Liangping District,Chongqing 405200,China)

机构地区：[1]神经心理学与应用认知神经科学实验室,中国科学院心理健康重点实验室(中国科学院心理研究所),北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理系,北京100049 [3]重庆市梁平区石马小学,重庆405200

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2025年第2期164-168,共5页Chinese Mental Health Journal

摘　　要：目的:探讨高孤独特质小学生在共情和心理推理能力的认知和情感2个维度的社会认知功能特征。方法:选取某小学五年级学生174名,根据孤独症谱系商数量表(AQ)得分的四分位数划分高低孤独特质组[AQ得分≥25分和AQ得分≤18分],每组43名,均完成认知与情感共情问卷(QCAE)、人际反应指针量表和病人健康问卷抑郁量表,同时采用Yoni和失言觉察任务考察心理推理能力。结果:高孤独特质小学生的QCAE认知共情、情感共情维度得分均低于低孤独特质小学生(均P<0.01);2组小学生在Yoni和失言觉察任务的认知心理推理能力、情感心理推理能力上差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:高孤独特质小学生的社会认知共情层面可能呈现较差的认知共情和情感共情,但心理推理能力可能不低于同龄人的平均水平。Objective:To explore the characteristics of social cognition function in the cognitive and affective dimensions of empathy and theory of mind of pupils with high levels of autistic traits.Methods:One hundred and seventy-four elementary school fifth-grade pupils were recruited and divided into high(n=43)and low(n=43)levels of autistic traits groups based on their Autism Spectrum Quotient(AQ)scores(high level≥25 and low level≤18).Both two groups completed the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy(QCAE)and Interpersonal Reactivity Index(IRI),as well as the Patient Health Questionnaire and also completed the Yoni and Faux Pas Tasks to examine theory of mind.Results:Compared with the low autistic traits group,the high autistic traits group exhibited significantly lower scores on both the Cognitive and Affective subscales of QCAE(Ps<0.01).However,there were no significant differences between the high and low autistic traitsgroups in cognitive and affective theory of mind as assessed with the Yoni and Faux Pas Tasks(Ps>0.05).Conclusion:Pupils with high levels of autistic traits may exhibit significant difference in both cognitive and affective empathy but not in theory of mind comparing to pupils with low levels of autistic traits.

关 键 词：孤独特质 社会认知 认知共情 情感共情 心理推理能力 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]