冲脉穴归经变化及其理论透视  

Changes in the meridian tropism of Chongmai points and its theoretical perspectives

作　　者：赵京生[1] ZHAO Jingsheng(Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院针灸研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中国针灸》2025年第1期94-104,共11页Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目:81873241。

摘　　要：见于《黄帝内经》的冲脉专属腧穴,在《针灸甲乙经》却与足少阴脉共属,宋以后逐渐彻底转归足少阴脉,形成现在“足少阴经穴、冲脉交会穴”的形式。本文基于对这一演变过程的梳理,分析可能的致变因素,提出冲脉形成较晚,主要建基于腹部脉动血管认识的理论,与成形在先的其他经脉理论杂糅。指出腹部腧穴作用广泛,经脉的特异性不明显,是为其经脉关系模糊的根本原因;与这一特性相关的理论与实践认识,影响了冲脉穴归属的演变。由此引申,探讨经脉与腧穴关系、正经与奇经关系,及关系表达形式等相关理论认识和建构问题。The points of Chongmai(thoroughfare vessel)recorded in Huangdi Neijing(The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic)were shared with those of foot-shaoyin meridian in Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing(The Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion).Since the Song Dynasty,all of these points were gradually reassigned to the foot-shaoyin meridian,in the way of"the points of foot-shaoyin meridian,and the confluence points of Chongmai".The paper presents the evolution of the meridian tropism of these points and analyzes the underlying causative factors.It is proposed that Chongmai was developed in the later time,based on the abdominal pulsating blood vessels and mixed with the theories of other meridians that had been earlier formed.It is pointed that the functions of these points on the abdomen are extensive,without the clear meridian specificity.It is rational why the association of these points with meridian is ambiguous.Besides,the relevant theory and practice of this specificity also affect the evolution of the attribution of Chongmai points.Based on the above analysis,the paper presents the exploration on the theories and the problems of theoretic construction such as the relationship between meridians and acupoints,between the regular meridians and the extraordinary meridians,and the ways of the related expressions and descriptions.

关 键 词：冲脉穴 腧穴归经 奇经 十四经 《黄帝内经》 《针灸甲乙经》 

分 类 号：R224[医药卫生—中医基础理论]