国家科技战略:芯片产业美对华行动逻辑与启示  

The state’s science and technology strategy——Lessons from the U.S.strategy toward chip industry of China

作　　者：梅亮 MEI Liang(China Center for Economic Research,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;National School of Development,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Research Center for Technological Innovation,Tsinghua University 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国经济研究中心,北京100871 [2]北京大学国家发展研究院,北京100871 [3]清华大学技术创新研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《科学学研究》2025年第1期3-13,共11页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72174005);国家自然科学基金重点项目(72232004);北京大学中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(7100604468)。

摘　　要：随着中国近年来科技创新竞争力的快速发展,美国展开对中国在芯片、5G、超算等高科技领域的打压与封锁。已有研究缺少关于美对华科技战略形成背景以及行动机制等的系统解析。本文基于科技领域中美关系的大事件、美国对华科技战略的典型行动与公共政策等,聚焦芯片产业解析了美对华科技战略的底层逻辑与内在机制。研究发现:当前美国推进以“小院高墙”为主导的对华科技战略,其实施的底层逻辑嵌入于“加速行动”与“持续排他”为基础的“组合拳机制”。研究为国际科技关系与创新政策的研究与实践提供启示。With the rapid development of China's competitiveness in science and technology(S&T)innovation in recent years,the United States has embarked on a campaign of suppression and blockade against China in high-tech fields,such as chips,5G,and supercomputing,to purposively deal with the competition in the field of S&T.Existing studies lack systematic analyses about the background and mechanism of U.S.S&T strategy toward China,which hinders rationally cooperative and competitive interactions and de-risking management between the two countries in the S&T field.Specifically,buzzwords(e.g.,“small yard high fence”)have attracted a wide range of attention in the context of China-U.S.relations,covering fields like science and technology,global economy and trade,diplomacy,public affairs,and so on;and hot events occur as well,such as the enactment of“CHIPS and Science Act”.To tackle the research gap,the article analyses the underlying logic and internal mechanism of the U.S.S&T strategy toward China in the context of the chip industry.It adopts event system analysis and content analysis,based on the major events in the field of S&T regarding China-U.S.relations,and the typical actions and public policies of the U.S.S&T strategy toward China.The study finds that:first,the underlying logic of the U.S.S&T strategy toward China is dominated by the“small yard and high fence”,which indicates the selective picks of the technologies to be protected and the aggressive protection of those technologies toward competing countries.Regarding the S&T competition priority of the U.S.toward China,the choice of specific areas of“small yard and high fence”has become the focal point of the current U.S.high-technology strategy towards China,which directly influences the scope of between competition and cooperation in the future China-U.S.relations in science and technology,and provides an important baseline for the S&T dialogues and interactions between the two countries;second,in the fields of highly competitive science and techno

关 键 词：科技创新 小院高墙 中美科技 芯片产业 

分 类 号：F272.3[经济管理—企业管理]